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<channel rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/pubdocs/engrss.xml">
<title>Recent Defence Research Reports</title>
<link>http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/pubdocs/engrss.xml</link>
<description>Recent Defence Research Reports. Citations from a temporary database created using the Publications Information Management Tool</description>
<dc:publisher>Defence Research and Development Canada</dc:publisher>
<dc:creator>DRDKIM 2 (mailto:CANDIDInfo@drdc-rddc.gc.ca)</dc:creator>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004 Defence Research and Development Canada</dc:rights>
<dc:date>2005-04-05</dc:date>
<language>en-can</language>
</channel>
<item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.100111_1214.toronto_CR_2010_012.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Summary Record of the GFF Community of Interest on the Practice and Organization of Intelligence Ottawa Roundtable: What Can the Cognitive and Behavioural Sciences Contribute to Intelligence Analysis? Towards a Collaborative Agenda for the Future;]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Summary Record of the GFF Community of Interest on the Practice and Organization of Intelligence Ottawa Roundtable: What Can the Cognitive and Behavioural Sciences Contribute to Intelligence Analysis? Towards a Collaborative Agenda for the Future;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.100111_1214.toronto_CR_2010_012.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document summarizes two days of discussion between a number of cognitive and behavioural scientists and professional intelligence analysts from 12 countries and a multilateral organization, which was co-hosted in Ottawa by DRDC, Canada’s Privy Council Office, and the US Department of State, February 23-24, 2009. This experimental roundtable explored the question of whether and how behavioural and cognitive sciences can contribute to improved intelligence analysis. It concluded that there are many relevant crossovers between these fields, and the time and cost of further collaboration and “bridging” between the scientist-intelligence practitioner perspectives would be fully justified in terms of strengthened intelligence performance and worthwhile scientific discovery.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document summarizes two days of discussion between a number of cognitive and behavioural scientists and professional intelligence analysts from 12 countries and a multilateral organization, which was co-hosted in Ottawa by DRDC, Canada’s Privy Council Office, and the US Department of State, February 23-24, 2009. This experimental roundtable explored the question of whether and how behavioural and cognitive sciences can contribute to improved intelligence analysis. It concluded that there are many relevant crossovers between these fields, and the time and cost of further collaboration and “bridging” between the scientist-intelligence practitioner perspectives would be fully justified in terms of strengthened intelligence performance and worthwhile scientific discovery.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document summarizes two days of discussion between a number of cognitive and behavioural scientists and professional intelligence analysts from 12 countries and a multilateral organization, which was co-hosted in Ottawa by DRDC, Canada’s Privy Council Office, and the US Department of State, February 23-24, 2009. This experimental roundtable explored the question of whether and how behavioural and cognitive sciences can contribute to improved intelligence analysis. It concluded that there are many relevant crossovers between these fields, and the time and cost of further collaboration and “bridging” between the scientist-intelligence practitioner perspectives would be fully justified in terms of strengthened intelligence performance and worthwhile scientific discovery.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2010-012]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Anthony Campbell ; David R. Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[intelligence analysis; cognitive science; behavioural science; summary record; O]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.100127_1336.DRDC CSS TN 2009-10.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Parallel Study between the Resource Typing as outlined in the American NIMS document and the levels of service required of the police forces of Quebec]]> <![CDATA[(Parallèle entre les Ressources Typées du document Américain Nims et les Niveaux de Service Exigés des; Corps Policiers au Québec)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A Parallel Study between the Resource Typing as outlined in the American NIMS document and the levels of service required of the police forces of Quebec]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.100127_1336.DRDC CSS TN 2009-10.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of; Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident; Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic; approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental; organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore,; mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the; complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the; environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement; a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs.; A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The; Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement; services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target; capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the; categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the; resources.; At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security.; Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the; possibility of four different ty]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of; Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident; Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic; approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental; organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore,; mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the; complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the; environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement; a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs.; A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The; Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement; services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target; capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the; categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the; resources.; At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security.; Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the; possibility of four different ty]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of; Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident; Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic; approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental; organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore,; mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the; complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the; environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement; a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs.; A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The; Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement; services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target; capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the; categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the; resources.; At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security.; Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the; possibility of four different ty]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS TN 2009-10]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Robert Beaudry]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Planification ax e sur les capacit s,Ressources Typ es,gestion des incidents d'u]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.100127_1319.DRDC CSS TN 2009-09.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Parallel Study between the Resource Typing as outlined in the American NIMS document and the Levels of Service required of the Police Forces of Quebec.]]> <![CDATA[(Parallèle entre les Ressources Typées du document Américain Nims et les Niveaux de Service Exigés des Corps Policiers au Québec.)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A Parallel Study between the Resource Typing as outlined in the American NIMS document and the Levels of Service required of the Police Forces of Quebec.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.100127_1319.DRDC CSS TN 2009-09.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of; Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident; Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic; approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental; organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore,; mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the; complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the; environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement; a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs.; A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The; Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement; services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target; capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the; categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the; resources.; At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security.; Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the; possibility of four different ty]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of; Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident; Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic; approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental; organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore,; mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the; complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the; environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement; a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs.; A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The; Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement; services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target; capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the; categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the; resources.; At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security.; Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the; possibility of four different ty]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of; Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident; Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic; approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental; organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore,; mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the; complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the; environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement; a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs.; A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The; Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement; services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target; capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the; categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the; resources.; At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security.; Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the; possibility of four different ty]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS TN 2009-09]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Robert Beaudry]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Capability Based Planning, Operational Resource Typing, Incident Management]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090319_0842.toronto_SL_2009_040.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Instigators and Perpetrators of Collective Violence]]> <![CDATA[(Instigateurs et auteurs de violence collective)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Instigators and Perpetrators of Collective Violence]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090319_0842.toronto_SL_2009_040.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The present article constitutes a chapter of a White Paper covering the latest thinking on counter-terrorism sponsored by the Joint Staff J3, Strategic Command Global Innovation and Strategy Center (STRATCOM/GISC) and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Department of Development Research and Engineering (OSD/DDRE). In this article, the author proposes the importance of clearly distinguishing between perpetrators of collective violence and instigators of such violence. The first part of the paper examines why behavioural science theorists might be reluctant to focus on instigators and makes the case that such a focus is nevertheless important. The second part of the paper examines characteristics that differentiate instigators from perpetrators of collective violence. The final part touches upon some of the psychological factors that might be indicative of a tendency to favor violent solutions to real or perceived conflict.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The present article constitutes a chapter of a White Paper covering the latest thinking on counter-terrorism sponsored by the Joint Staff J3, Strategic Command Global Innovation and Strategy Center (STRATCOM/GISC) and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Department of Development Research and Engineering (OSD/DDRE). In this article, the author proposes the importance of clearly distinguishing between perpetrators of collective violence and instigators of such violence. The first part of the paper examines why behavioural science theorists might be reluctant to focus on instigators and makes the case that such a focus is nevertheless important. The second part of the paper examines characteristics that differentiate instigators from perpetrators of collective violence. The final part touches upon some of the psychological factors that might be indicative of a tendency to favor violent solutions to real or perceived conflict.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The present article constitutes a chapter of a White Paper covering the latest thinking on counter-terrorism sponsored by the Joint Staff J3, Strategic Command Global Innovation and Strategy Center (STRATCOM/GISC) and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Department of Development Research and Engineering (OSD/DDRE). In this article, the author proposes the importance of clearly distinguishing between perpetrators of collective violence and instigators of such violence. The first part of the paper examines why behavioural science theorists might be reluctant to focus on instigators and makes the case that such a focus is nevertheless important. The second part of the paper examines characteristics that differentiate instigators from perpetrators of collective violence. The final part touches upon some of the psychological factors that might be indicative of a tendency to favor violent solutions to real or perceived conflict.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2009-040]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Instigators, perpetrators, collective violence]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091214_1416.DRDC-CSS-TN-2009-003.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Recovery of Human Remains in a Fatal Fire Setting Using Archaeological Methods]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Recovery of Human Remains in a Fatal Fire Setting Using Archaeological Methods]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091214_1416.DRDC-CSS-TN-2009-003.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to assist fire investigators in understanding the value of the application of archaeological recovery methods at fatal fire scenes. It also is intended to provide insight into the essential skills utilized in these methods. The anticipated outcome can be to increase the amount of human remains recovered along with more associated artifacts surrounding the death and, thereby, improve the quantity and quality of critical evidence. It is anticipated that this study will have a positive impact within the forensic community in the investigation of fire fatalities. There is an understandable tendency for those involved in fire settings to become overwhelmed at the magnitude and destruction of the scene itself. Fire investigations are often complex and difficult to interpret, and, at fires where the loss is large, there is a potential problem that the investigator may become overpowered, fixated or pre-occupied, and, therefore, fail to take the necessary judicious steps. To avoid these serious situations, it is imperative to develop an analytical and systematic approach to scene investigation.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to assist fire investigators in understanding the value of the application of archaeological recovery methods at fatal fire scenes. It also is intended to provide insight into the essential skills utilized in these methods. The anticipated outcome can be to increase the amount of human remains recovered along with more associated artifacts surrounding the death and, thereby, improve the quantity and quality of critical evidence. It is anticipated that this study will have a positive impact within the forensic community in the investigation of fire fatalities. There is an understandable tendency for those involved in fire settings to become overwhelmed at the magnitude and destruction of the scene itself. Fire investigations are often complex and difficult to interpret, and, at fires where the loss is large, there is a potential problem that the investigator may become overpowered, fixated or pre-occupied, and, therefore, fail to take the necessary judicious steps. To avoid these serious situations, it is imperative to develop an analytical and systematic approach to scene investigation.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to assist fire investigators in understanding the value of the application of archaeological recovery methods at fatal fire scenes. It also is intended to provide insight into the essential skills utilized in these methods. The anticipated outcome can be to increase the amount of human remains recovered along with more associated artifacts surrounding the death and, thereby, improve the quantity and quality of critical evidence. It is anticipated that this study will have a positive impact within the forensic community in the investigation of fire fatalities. There is an understandable tendency for those involved in fire settings to become overwhelmed at the magnitude and destruction of the scene itself. Fire investigations are often complex and difficult to interpret, and, at fires where the loss is large, there is a potential problem that the investigator may become overpowered, fixated or pre-occupied, and, therefore, fail to take the necessary judicious steps. To avoid these serious situations, it is imperative to develop an analytical and systematic approach to scene investigation.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS CR 2009-03]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Gregory Olson]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Fire; Fatality; Arson; Fire Investigation; Criminal Investigation; Human Remains]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091218_1114.DRDC CSS TN 2009-07.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Testing the capacity of the national Biological Dose Response Plan (NBDRP) EX40801.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Testing the capacity of the national Biological Dose Response Plan (NBDRP) EX40801.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091218_1114.DRDC CSS TN 2009-07.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP),created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP),created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP),created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS TN 2009-07]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Ruth Wilkins; James McNamee; Hillary Boulay Greene; Farak Flegal]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[National Biological Dosimetry Plan, Radiological, Dicentric Chromosone Assay]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091214_1235.DRDC-CSS-TN-2009-004.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The use of archaeological and anthropological methods in fatal fire scene investigation.]]> <![CDATA[(L utilisation de méthodes archéologiques et anthropologiques dans une enquête sur les lieux d un incendie mortel.)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The use of archaeological and anthropological methods in fatal fire scene investigation.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091214_1235.DRDC-CSS-TN-2009-004.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report will highlight some of the techniques and technologies of archaeologists and anthropologists that may be of assistance in fatal fire scene investigation. The value of archaeological techniques has been previously acknowledged in fire scene recovery and the primary principals of excavation are often applied; however the full range of methods and techniques available has not yet been fully exploited. Many additional aspects of archaeological and anthropological work can be adapted and applied to fatal fire scene investigation to provide further opportunities to maximize evidence recovery and interpretation. The application of some of these techniques does require evidential proof of value, as well as research into how best to use these systems. These research avenues and identified areas of need will be discussed to consider where future research may be beneficial.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report will highlight some of the techniques and technologies of archaeologists and anthropologists that may be of assistance in fatal fire scene investigation. The value of archaeological techniques has been previously acknowledged in fire scene recovery and the primary principals of excavation are often applied; however the full range of methods and techniques available has not yet been fully exploited. Many additional aspects of archaeological and anthropological work can be adapted and applied to fatal fire scene investigation to provide further opportunities to maximize evidence recovery and interpretation. The application of some of these techniques does require evidential proof of value, as well as research into how best to use these systems. These research avenues and identified areas of need will be discussed to consider where future research may be beneficial.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report will highlight some of the techniques and technologies of archaeologists and anthropologists that may be of assistance in fatal fire scene investigation. The value of archaeological techniques has been previously acknowledged in fire scene recovery and the primary principals of excavation are often applied; however the full range of methods and techniques available has not yet been fully exploited. Many additional aspects of archaeological and anthropological work can be adapted and applied to fatal fire scene investigation to provide further opportunities to maximize evidence recovery and interpretation. The application of some of these techniques does require evidential proof of value, as well as research into how best to use these systems. These research avenues and identified areas of need will be discussed to consider where future research may be beneficial.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS TN 2009-04]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Katie Waterhouse]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Fatal fire; Forensic Investigation; Archeological Methods; Arson,]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091216_0836.DRDC CSS TN 2009-08.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Testing the capacity of the NBDRP EX30701.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Testing the capacity of the NBDRP EX30701.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091216_0836.DRDC CSS TN 2009-08.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS TN 2009-08]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Ruth Wilkins; James McNamee; Hillary Boulay Greene; Farah Flegal]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[National Biological Dosimetry Plan; Radiological;Dicentric Chromosone Assay]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091211_1350.NATO MSG062 20090825_FinalFinalReport_88">
<title>
<![CDATA[Guide to Modelling and Simulation for NATO Network-Enabled Capability]]> <![CDATA[(Guide de la modélisation et de la simulation pour l’OTAN Opérations facilitées par réseaux ;)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Guide to Modelling and Simulation for NATO Network-Enabled Capability]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091211_1350.NATO MSG062 20090825_FinalFinalReport_88
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A fundamental objective of NATO and one of the highest priorities of the NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) is to take full advantage of Network-Enabled Capabilities (NEC) to build a robust, globally interconnected network environment for data sharing. Achieving this objective for NATO and its member nations will involve three assumptions: 1) Armed Forces will work in new ways; 2) Governments need to adopt new approaches; 3) Industry and Academia, along with Governments, need to think innovatively about concept, design, acquisition, use, and management of systems that support Military capabilities and Defence Against Terrorism (DAT) capabilities. This Guide discusses how modelling and simulation (M&S) can be applied to NEC, including Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E), Acquisition, Training, Exercises, and Operations, to enhance military effectiveness and transformation, and prepare for the security challenges of the future. A model is typically understood as a physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process that has been designed for a specific purpose. Simulation manipulates this model to represent the expected behaviour of an individual agent or an entire system over time. The Guide structures “Best Practices” of M&S around “Key Principles” in each chapter, provides real world Case Studies, and offers evidence-based advice to achieve the following objectives: 1)Ensure that allied defence]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A fundamental objective of NATO and one of the highest priorities of the NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) is to take full advantage of Network-Enabled Capabilities (NEC) to build a robust, globally interconnected network environment for data sharing. Achieving this objective for NATO and its member nations will involve three assumptions: 1) Armed Forces will work in new ways; 2) Governments need to adopt new approaches; 3) Industry and Academia, along with Governments, need to think innovatively about concept, design, acquisition, use, and management of systems that support Military capabilities and Defence Against Terrorism (DAT) capabilities. This Guide discusses how modelling and simulation (M&S) can be applied to NEC, including Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E), Acquisition, Training, Exercises, and Operations, to enhance military effectiveness and transformation, and prepare for the security challenges of the future. A model is typically understood as a physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process that has been designed for a specific purpose. Simulation manipulates this model to represent the expected behaviour of an individual agent or an entire system over time. The Guide structures “Best Practices” of M&S around “Key Principles” in each chapter, provides real world Case Studies, and offers evidence-based advice to achieve the following objectives: 1)Ensure that allied defence]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A fundamental objective of NATO and one of the highest priorities of the NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) is to take full advantage of Network-Enabled Capabilities (NEC) to build a robust, globally interconnected network environment for data sharing. Achieving this objective for NATO and its member nations will involve three assumptions: 1) Armed Forces will work in new ways; 2) Governments need to adopt new approaches; 3) Industry and Academia, along with Governments, need to think innovatively about concept, design, acquisition, use, and management of systems that support Military capabilities and Defence Against Terrorism (DAT) capabilities. This Guide discusses how modelling and simulation (M&S) can be applied to NEC, including Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E), Acquisition, Training, Exercises, and Operations, to enhance military effectiveness and transformation, and prepare for the security challenges of the future. A model is typically understood as a physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process that has been designed for a specific purpose. Simulation manipulates this model to represent the expected behaviour of an individual agent or an entire system over time. The Guide structures “Best Practices” of M&S around “Key Principles” in each chapter, provides real world Case Studies, and offers evidence-based advice to achieve the following objectives: 1)Ensure that allied defence]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[  RTO-TR-MSG-062]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Andrew L.VALLERAND;D. McFarlane;T. Moon et al.]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Modelling; Simulation; Network enabled capability; Defence against terrorism; ca]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091221_0924.DRDC CSS TN 2009-06.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Validation of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay for use as a triage biological dosimetry tool.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Validation of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay for use as a triage biological dosimetry tool.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091221_0924.DRDC CSS TN 2009-06.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD,from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry networ]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD,from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry networ]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD,from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry networ]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS TN 2009-06]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Ruth Wilkins; James McNamee; Leonora Marro; Lidia Loukine]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[National Dosimetry Plan, Radiological, Dicentric Chromosone Assay]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091117_1419.DRDC-CSS-CR-2009-002.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Study of New Religious Movements and the Process of Radicalization in Terrorist Groups]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Study of New Religious Movements and the Process of Radicalization in Terrorist Groups]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091117_1419.DRDC-CSS-CR-2009-002.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper examines three issues: (1) the obvious reasons for, and curious absence of, a dialogue between scholars studying new religious movements (NRMs), in particular those that have engaged in mass violence, and those studying processes of radicalization in home-grown terrorist groups; (2) the substantial parallels which exist between established understandings of who joins NRMs, how, and why and the more recent findings about who joins terrorist groups in a Western context, how, and why; and (3) the many ways in which the explanations of the causes of violent behaviour in NRMs, developed through detailed and comparative case studies, is pertinent to securing a more systematic and complete grasp of the process of radicalization in terrorist cells. The latter discussion focuses on the instrumental role of apocalyptic belief systems in conjunction with charismatic forms of authority, highlighting the behavioural consequences of this dangerous combination and the possible strategic significance of these consequences. The paper ends with a series of specific recommendations for further research, integrating insights from the two fields of study.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper examines three issues: (1) the obvious reasons for, and curious absence of, a dialogue between scholars studying new religious movements (NRMs), in particular those that have engaged in mass violence, and those studying processes of radicalization in home-grown terrorist groups; (2) the substantial parallels which exist between established understandings of who joins NRMs, how, and why and the more recent findings about who joins terrorist groups in a Western context, how, and why; and (3) the many ways in which the explanations of the causes of violent behaviour in NRMs, developed through detailed and comparative case studies, is pertinent to securing a more systematic and complete grasp of the process of radicalization in terrorist cells. The latter discussion focuses on the instrumental role of apocalyptic belief systems in conjunction with charismatic forms of authority, highlighting the behavioural consequences of this dangerous combination and the possible strategic significance of these consequences. The paper ends with a series of specific recommendations for further research, integrating insights from the two fields of study.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper examines three issues: (1) the obvious reasons for, and curious absence of, a dialogue between scholars studying new religious movements (NRMs), in particular those that have engaged in mass violence, and those studying processes of radicalization in home-grown terrorist groups; (2) the substantial parallels which exist between established understandings of who joins NRMs, how, and why and the more recent findings about who joins terrorist groups in a Western context, how, and why; and (3) the many ways in which the explanations of the causes of violent behaviour in NRMs, developed through detailed and comparative case studies, is pertinent to securing a more systematic and complete grasp of the process of radicalization in terrorist cells. The latter discussion focuses on the instrumental role of apocalyptic belief systems in conjunction with charismatic forms of authority, highlighting the behavioural consequences of this dangerous combination and the possible strategic significance of these consequences. The paper ends with a series of specific recommendations for further research, integrating insights from the two fields of study.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS CR 2009-02]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Lorne L.Dawson]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[New Religious Movements, Radicalization, Terrorism, Violent behaviour; Mass viol]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090108_1319.Toronto_SL_2009_010.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Weighting of contingency information in causal judgment: Evidence of hypothesis dependence and use of a positive-test Strategy]]> <![CDATA[(Évaluation des données de contingence dans l’analyse de causalité : dépendance à l’égard des hypothèses et emploi d’une série de tests positifs)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Weighting of contingency information in causal judgment: Evidence of hypothesis dependence and use of a positive-test Strategy]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090108_1319.Toronto_SL_2009_010.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Contingency is an important cue to causation. Research shows that people unequally weight the cells of a 2 × 2 contingency table as follows: cause-present/effect-present (A) > cause-present/effect-absent (B) > cause-absent/effect-present (C) > cause-absent/effect-absent (D). Although some models of causal judgment can accommodate that fact, most of them assume that the weighting of information is invariant as a function of whether one is assessing a hypothesized generative versus preventive relationship. An experiment was conducted that tested the hypothesis-independence assumption against the predictions of a novel weighted-positive-test-strategy account, which predicts hypothesis dependence in cell weighting. Supporting that account, judgments of hypothesized generative causes showed the standard A > B > C > D inequality, but judgments of hypothesized preventive causes showed the predicted B > A > D > C inequality. The findings reveal that cell weighting in causal judgment is both unequal and hypothesis dependent.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Contingency is an important cue to causation. Research shows that people unequally weight the cells of a 2 × 2 contingency table as follows: cause-present/effect-present (A) > cause-present/effect-absent (B) > cause-absent/effect-present (C) > cause-absent/effect-absent (D). Although some models of causal judgment can accommodate that fact, most of them assume that the weighting of information is invariant as a function of whether one is assessing a hypothesized generative versus preventive relationship. An experiment was conducted that tested the hypothesis-independence assumption against the predictions of a novel weighted-positive-test-strategy account, which predicts hypothesis dependence in cell weighting. Supporting that account, judgments of hypothesized generative causes showed the standard A > B > C > D inequality, but judgments of hypothesized preventive causes showed the predicted B > A > D > C inequality. The findings reveal that cell weighting in causal judgment is both unequal and hypothesis dependent.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Contingency is an important cue to causation. Research shows that people unequally weight the cells of a 2 × 2 contingency table as follows: cause-present/effect-present (A) > cause-present/effect-absent (B) > cause-absent/effect-present (C) > cause-absent/effect-absent (D). Although some models of causal judgment can accommodate that fact, most of them assume that the weighting of information is invariant as a function of whether one is assessing a hypothesized generative versus preventive relationship. An experiment was conducted that tested the hypothesis-independence assumption against the predictions of a novel weighted-positive-test-strategy account, which predicts hypothesis dependence in cell weighting. Supporting that account, judgments of hypothesized generative causes showed the standard A > B > C > D inequality, but judgments of hypothesized preventive causes showed the predicted B > A > D > C inequality. The findings reveal that cell weighting in causal judgment is both unequal and hypothesis dependent.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2009-010]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel; Oshin Vartanian]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Causal judgment, contingency, hypothesis dependence, reasoning]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.090611_1143.Toronto_SL_2009_105.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Importance of Aerobic Fitness in Extending Thermotolerance in Extreme Environments: Connecting Molecular Biology to the Whole Body Response]]> <![CDATA[(L’importance de la capacité aérobique pour l’augmentation de la thermotolérance dans des conditions extrêmes : Corrélations entre la biologie moléculaire et la réponse de l’organisme entier)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Importance of Aerobic Fitness in Extending Thermotolerance in Extreme Environments: Connecting Molecular Biology to the Whole Body Response]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.090611_1143.Toronto_SL_2009_105.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Introduction/Relevance Current theatres of military operations involve exposure to high ambient temperatures while wearing protective clothing such as fragmentation vests and/or the use of biological and chemical ensembles. Under conditions of uncompensable heat stress, aerobic fitness is a critical factor in explaining the higher core temperature (Tc) that can be tolerated by endurance trained (TR) versus untrained (UT) individuals. Tolerating higher Tc not only extends exposure time but it ensures that individuals can safely continue to be mobile while carrying their own weight and additional loads. Rationale The purpose of the current research was to examine whether differences in the immuno-inflammatory activation existed between TR and UT that might help explain the different Tc tolerated at exhaustion (EXH). Methods Twelve TR (24 + or - 1 y, 73.3 + or - 2.2 kg, 9.6 + or - 1.0 %fat, 62 + or - 2 ml/kg/min VO2peak) and eleven UT (23 + or - 1 y, 78.7 + or - 2.7 kg, 15.8 + or - 1.7 %fat, 42 + or - 1 ml/kg/min) walked at 4.5 km/h and a 2% grade to EXH in 40 deg C and 30% RH while wearing a biological and chemical protective overgarment. Blood was sampled at 0.5 deg C increments until Tc reached 40.0 deg C or the trial was terminated due to high heart rates, nausea, dizziness or volition. Plasma endotoxin and serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were determined as were intracellular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and heat stress protein (HSP) in circulating mon]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Introduction/Relevance Current theatres of military operations involve exposure to high ambient temperatures while wearing protective clothing such as fragmentation vests and/or the use of biological and chemical ensembles. Under conditions of uncompensable heat stress, aerobic fitness is a critical factor in explaining the higher core temperature (Tc) that can be tolerated by endurance trained (TR) versus untrained (UT) individuals. Tolerating higher Tc not only extends exposure time but it ensures that individuals can safely continue to be mobile while carrying their own weight and additional loads. Rationale The purpose of the current research was to examine whether differences in the immuno-inflammatory activation existed between TR and UT that might help explain the different Tc tolerated at exhaustion (EXH). Methods Twelve TR (24 + or - 1 y, 73.3 + or - 2.2 kg, 9.6 + or - 1.0 %fat, 62 + or - 2 ml/kg/min VO2peak) and eleven UT (23 + or - 1 y, 78.7 + or - 2.7 kg, 15.8 + or - 1.7 %fat, 42 + or - 1 ml/kg/min) walked at 4.5 km/h and a 2% grade to EXH in 40 deg C and 30% RH while wearing a biological and chemical protective overgarment. Blood was sampled at 0.5 deg C increments until Tc reached 40.0 deg C or the trial was terminated due to high heart rates, nausea, dizziness or volition. Plasma endotoxin and serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were determined as were intracellular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and heat stress protein (HSP) in circulating mon]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Introduction/Relevance Current theatres of military operations involve exposure to high ambient temperatures while wearing protective clothing such as fragmentation vests and/or the use of biological and chemical ensembles. Under conditions of uncompensable heat stress, aerobic fitness is a critical factor in explaining the higher core temperature (Tc) that can be tolerated by endurance trained (TR) versus untrained (UT) individuals. Tolerating higher Tc not only extends exposure time but it ensures that individuals can safely continue to be mobile while carrying their own weight and additional loads. Rationale The purpose of the current research was to examine whether differences in the immuno-inflammatory activation existed between TR and UT that might help explain the different Tc tolerated at exhaustion (EXH). Methods Twelve TR (24 + or - 1 y, 73.3 + or - 2.2 kg, 9.6 + or - 1.0 %fat, 62 + or - 2 ml/kg/min VO2peak) and eleven UT (23 + or - 1 y, 78.7 + or - 2.7 kg, 15.8 + or - 1.7 %fat, 42 + or - 1 ml/kg/min) walked at 4.5 km/h and a 2% grade to EXH in 40 deg C and 30% RH while wearing a biological and chemical protective overgarment. Blood was sampled at 0.5 deg C increments until Tc reached 40.0 deg C or the trial was terminated due to high heart rates, nausea, dizziness or volition. Plasma endotoxin and serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were determined as were intracellular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and heat stress protein (HSP) in circulating mon]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2009-105]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Tom M. McLellan, Glen A. Selkirk, Heather E. Wright, Shawn G. Rhind]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[gut barrier integrity, endotoxin leakage, intracellular cytokines, HSP72, apopto]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.090622_0951.toronto_TR_2009_100.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Joint command support through workspace analysis, design and optimization]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Joint command support through workspace analysis, design and optimization]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.090622_0951.toronto_TR_2009_100.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The current Canadian Forces (CF) transformation focuses on network enabled capabilities and promotes joint operations both within the CF and under a broad joint, inter-agency, multi-national, public (JIMP) paradigm. The past a few years have witnessed an increased demand on the science and technology (S&T) support for performing ergonomic analysis and workspace design for joint operations centres. A series of studies have been conducted from 2006 to 2008 in which workspace solutions were produced for three different joint command centres. In these studies, a new design process, Alternative method for Workspace ANalysis and Design (A-WAND), was proposed and then further developed. A-WAND is based on integrating and streamlining existing design procedures recommended in industrial standards and is tailored to support unique operational requirements of a CF joint command centre. In addition, it emphasizes the use of analytical methods and software tools that have been developed, and therefore possessed, by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC). This report describes A-WAND, documents the best design practises, and discusses future research and development (R&D) efforts that are needed to further advance DRDC’s capability in this area.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The current Canadian Forces (CF) transformation focuses on network enabled capabilities and promotes joint operations both within the CF and under a broad joint, inter-agency, multi-national, public (JIMP) paradigm. The past a few years have witnessed an increased demand on the science and technology (S&T) support for performing ergonomic analysis and workspace design for joint operations centres. A series of studies have been conducted from 2006 to 2008 in which workspace solutions were produced for three different joint command centres. In these studies, a new design process, Alternative method for Workspace ANalysis and Design (A-WAND), was proposed and then further developed. A-WAND is based on integrating and streamlining existing design procedures recommended in industrial standards and is tailored to support unique operational requirements of a CF joint command centre. In addition, it emphasizes the use of analytical methods and software tools that have been developed, and therefore possessed, by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC). This report describes A-WAND, documents the best design practises, and discusses future research and development (R&D) efforts that are needed to further advance DRDC’s capability in this area.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The current Canadian Forces (CF) transformation focuses on network enabled capabilities and promotes joint operations both within the CF and under a broad joint, inter-agency, multi-national, public (JIMP) paradigm. The past a few years have witnessed an increased demand on the science and technology (S&T) support for performing ergonomic analysis and workspace design for joint operations centres. A series of studies have been conducted from 2006 to 2008 in which workspace solutions were produced for three different joint command centres. In these studies, a new design process, Alternative method for Workspace ANalysis and Design (A-WAND), was proposed and then further developed. A-WAND is based on integrating and streamlining existing design procedures recommended in industrial standards and is tailored to support unique operational requirements of a CF joint command centre. In addition, it emphasizes the use of analytical methods and software tools that have been developed, and therefore possessed, by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC). This report describes A-WAND, documents the best design practises, and discusses future research and development (R&D) efforts that are needed to further advance DRDC’s capability in this area.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[2009-100]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Wenbi Wang]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Workspace design, ergnomic analysis, layout design]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090504_1635.toronto_SL_2009_077.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Red Dawn: The Emergence of a Red Teaming Capability in the Canadian Forces]]> <![CDATA[(La venue des équipes rouges : apparition d’une nouvelle capacité au sein des Forces canadiennes)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Red Dawn: The Emergence of a Red Teaming Capability in the Canadian Forces]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090504_1635.toronto_SL_2009_077.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The concept of red teaming is not new and the use of red teams by the public and private sectors are well document. However, while there is a legacy of red teaming, it remains a developing and evolving concept with numerous definitions. Unlike the US military, the Canadian Forces does not have a program to train red team members in the proper application and utility of the function, nor has it formalized the concept in doctrine. In fact, much of the red teaming performed in the Canadian Forces is ad hoc. However, the state of red teaming in the Canadian Forces is about to change. Owing largely to the success of red teaming in the US Army, red teaming has become a hot topic in the Canadian defence and security community. As a result, efforts are underway to explore, formalize, and professionalise the concept and capability in the Canadian Forces. ; ; This paper has two goals: (1) to briefly identify and explore examples of red teaming from across the private and public sectors; and (2) by drawing upon these examples, to outline the characteristics of red teaming and propose an integrated, and working, definition of red teaming for possible use by the Canadian Forces. ;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The concept of red teaming is not new and the use of red teams by the public and private sectors are well document. However, while there is a legacy of red teaming, it remains a developing and evolving concept with numerous definitions. Unlike the US military, the Canadian Forces does not have a program to train red team members in the proper application and utility of the function, nor has it formalized the concept in doctrine. In fact, much of the red teaming performed in the Canadian Forces is ad hoc. However, the state of red teaming in the Canadian Forces is about to change. Owing largely to the success of red teaming in the US Army, red teaming has become a hot topic in the Canadian defence and security community. As a result, efforts are underway to explore, formalize, and professionalise the concept and capability in the Canadian Forces. ; ; This paper has two goals: (1) to briefly identify and explore examples of red teaming from across the private and public sectors; and (2) by drawing upon these examples, to outline the characteristics of red teaming and propose an integrated, and working, definition of red teaming for possible use by the Canadian Forces. ;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The concept of red teaming is not new and the use of red teams by the public and private sectors are well document. However, while there is a legacy of red teaming, it remains a developing and evolving concept with numerous definitions. Unlike the US military, the Canadian Forces does not have a program to train red team members in the proper application and utility of the function, nor has it formalized the concept in doctrine. In fact, much of the red teaming performed in the Canadian Forces is ad hoc. However, the state of red teaming in the Canadian Forces is about to change. Owing largely to the success of red teaming in the US Army, red teaming has become a hot topic in the Canadian defence and security community. As a result, efforts are underway to explore, formalize, and professionalise the concept and capability in the Canadian Forces. ; ; This paper has two goals: (1) to briefly identify and explore examples of red teaming from across the private and public sectors; and (2) by drawing upon these examples, to outline the characteristics of red teaming and propose an integrated, and working, definition of red teaming for possible use by the Canadian Forces. ;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2009-077]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Matthew A. Lauder]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Red teaming; simulation; adversary; role-playing; tiger teams; peer review; alte]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hollands.090929_1600.Toronto_TR_2009_101.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Performance in Canada from 2003 to 2008]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Performance in Canada from 2003 to 2008]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hollands.090929_1600.Toronto_TR_2009_101.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Emergency Location Transmitters (ELTs) help Search and Rescue authorities locate aircraft in distress. ELTs are designed to activate automatically under the force of an impact like a crash, or can be manually activated by the operator. ELTs operate on two primary frequencies for satellite alerting: 406 MHz digital emergency beacons and 121.5/243 MHz analog emergency beacons. As of February 1st 2009, 121.5/243.0 MHz analog emergency beacons no longer alert Search and Rescue authorities and only signals from 406 MHz emergency beacons are processed.; This study, performed for the National Search and Rescue Secretariat, examined successful activation ELT rates and human factors issues by analysing actual aircraft incidents that occurred in Canadian territory between the years 2003 and 2007. The success rate – the percentage of ELTs that survived a real aircraft incident and notified SAR authorities – was 74% (64% of the cases analysed were activated automatically). This is an improvement on past success rates. It was the intent of this study to compare success rates and human factors issues occurring with 121.5/243 MHz ELTs and 406 MHz ELTs. However, the incident data did not include any incidents involving 406 MHz ELTs. The study also examined false alarm rates and human factors issues for 121.5/243 MHz and 406 MHz ELTs for false alarms that occurred between 2006 and 2008. The false alarm rates were determined to be high, around 90% for ELTs operating on either frequency.; Recom]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Emergency Location Transmitters (ELTs) help Search and Rescue authorities locate aircraft in distress. ELTs are designed to activate automatically under the force of an impact like a crash, or can be manually activated by the operator. ELTs operate on two primary frequencies for satellite alerting: 406 MHz digital emergency beacons and 121.5/243 MHz analog emergency beacons. As of February 1st 2009, 121.5/243.0 MHz analog emergency beacons no longer alert Search and Rescue authorities and only signals from 406 MHz emergency beacons are processed.; This study, performed for the National Search and Rescue Secretariat, examined successful activation ELT rates and human factors issues by analysing actual aircraft incidents that occurred in Canadian territory between the years 2003 and 2007. The success rate – the percentage of ELTs that survived a real aircraft incident and notified SAR authorities – was 74% (64% of the cases analysed were activated automatically). This is an improvement on past success rates. It was the intent of this study to compare success rates and human factors issues occurring with 121.5/243 MHz ELTs and 406 MHz ELTs. However, the incident data did not include any incidents involving 406 MHz ELTs. The study also examined false alarm rates and human factors issues for 121.5/243 MHz and 406 MHz ELTs for false alarms that occurred between 2006 and 2008. The false alarm rates were determined to be high, around 90% for ELTs operating on either frequency.; Recom]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Emergency Location Transmitters (ELTs) help Search and Rescue authorities locate aircraft in distress. ELTs are designed to activate automatically under the force of an impact like a crash, or can be manually activated by the operator. ELTs operate on two primary frequencies for satellite alerting: 406 MHz digital emergency beacons and 121.5/243 MHz analog emergency beacons. As of February 1st 2009, 121.5/243.0 MHz analog emergency beacons no longer alert Search and Rescue authorities and only signals from 406 MHz emergency beacons are processed.; This study, performed for the National Search and Rescue Secretariat, examined successful activation ELT rates and human factors issues by analysing actual aircraft incidents that occurred in Canadian territory between the years 2003 and 2007. The success rate – the percentage of ELTs that survived a real aircraft incident and notified SAR authorities – was 74% (64% of the cases analysed were activated automatically). This is an improvement on past success rates. It was the intent of this study to compare success rates and human factors issues occurring with 121.5/243 MHz ELTs and 406 MHz ELTs. However, the incident data did not include any incidents involving 406 MHz ELTs. The study also examined false alarm rates and human factors issues for 121.5/243 MHz and 406 MHz ELTs for false alarms that occurred between 2006 and 2008. The false alarm rates were determined to be high, around 90% for ELTs operating on either frequency.; Recom]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-101]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Jocelyn Keillor; Major Graham Newbold; Alan Rebane; Shelley Roberts; Joe Armstrong; ;]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[emergency locator transmitter, search and rescue;]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.091013_1336.Toronto_CR_2009_159.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Technical Memorandum: A Training Evaluation Framework for PSTC MilObs Course]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Technical Memorandum: A Training Evaluation Framework for PSTC MilObs Course]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.091013_1336.Toronto_CR_2009_159.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A current Applied Research Project (ARP) of the Collaborative Performance and Learning Section (CPL) at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto explores moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM) in Canadian Forces (CF) operations (16kk, 16re02). A major focus in this program of research has been field studies conducted at the Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) in Kingston. CF personnel preparing to deploy as United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs or Mil Obs) undertake a number of training activities meant to enhance and develop their skills particular to Peace Support Operations (PSO). Over the course of a month long training program, CF personnel receive intensive preparation, using a combination of classroom training and scenario-based training. One such scenario-based exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees attempt to negotiate the lives of civilians who are being verbally and physically abused by two armed police. Our research program to date has examined a number of psychological processes during this scenario, such as aspects of moral intensity (physical proximity of the victim, MEFS I), emotion (MEFS II) and teamwork (MEFS III). The current work provides PSTC instructor requested materials that are drawn from the results of these studies. ; First, we created a set of PowerPoint slides that detail the most critical findings in the three field studies. Second, we generated a list of the]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A current Applied Research Project (ARP) of the Collaborative Performance and Learning Section (CPL) at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto explores moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM) in Canadian Forces (CF) operations (16kk, 16re02). A major focus in this program of research has been field studies conducted at the Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) in Kingston. CF personnel preparing to deploy as United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs or Mil Obs) undertake a number of training activities meant to enhance and develop their skills particular to Peace Support Operations (PSO). Over the course of a month long training program, CF personnel receive intensive preparation, using a combination of classroom training and scenario-based training. One such scenario-based exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees attempt to negotiate the lives of civilians who are being verbally and physically abused by two armed police. Our research program to date has examined a number of psychological processes during this scenario, such as aspects of moral intensity (physical proximity of the victim, MEFS I), emotion (MEFS II) and teamwork (MEFS III). The current work provides PSTC instructor requested materials that are drawn from the results of these studies. ; First, we created a set of PowerPoint slides that detail the most critical findings in the three field studies. Second, we generated a list of the]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A current Applied Research Project (ARP) of the Collaborative Performance and Learning Section (CPL) at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto explores moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM) in Canadian Forces (CF) operations (16kk, 16re02). A major focus in this program of research has been field studies conducted at the Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) in Kingston. CF personnel preparing to deploy as United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs or Mil Obs) undertake a number of training activities meant to enhance and develop their skills particular to Peace Support Operations (PSO). Over the course of a month long training program, CF personnel receive intensive preparation, using a combination of classroom training and scenario-based training. One such scenario-based exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees attempt to negotiate the lives of civilians who are being verbally and physically abused by two armed police. Our research program to date has examined a number of psychological processes during this scenario, such as aspects of moral intensity (physical proximity of the victim, MEFS I), emotion (MEFS II) and teamwork (MEFS III). The current work provides PSTC instructor requested materials that are drawn from the results of these studies. ; First, we created a set of PowerPoint slides that detail the most critical findings in the three field studies. Second, we generated a list of the]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-159]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Michael H. Thomson; Andrea L. Brown; Courtney D. Tario; Barb D. Adams]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM); Canadian Forces (CF) operations; Peace]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hpeng.090402_1415.Toronto_TR_2009_037.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A review on pharmacokinetic modeling and the effects of environmental stressors on pharmacokinetics for operational medicine: Operational pharmacokinetics]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A review on pharmacokinetic modeling and the effects of environmental stressors on pharmacokinetics for operational medicine: Operational pharmacokinetics]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hpeng.090402_1415.Toronto_TR_2009_037.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In this report, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on the effects of a range of physiological and psychological stressors on drug absorption, distribution and elimination (pharmacokinetics), and current pharmacokinetic models (including computerized modeling tools and algorithms) used to predict pharmacokinetic changes. Although sophisticated computerized mathematical models have been widely used to quantitatively describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the human body, limited experimental data for both descriptive and predictive purposes were available. The effects of isolated physical activities on pharmacokinetics have been documented. However, some inconsistencies need to be addressed, such as; the intensity and duration of each physical activity, and timing of drug administration. Other physiological stressors, such as temperature, hypoxic, hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions have been studied to a lesser extent. There are only a few reports describing the psychological effects on drug pharmacokinetics. After carefully reviewing the literature, our goal is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs employed under various military physiological and psychological stressors.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In this report, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on the effects of a range of physiological and psychological stressors on drug absorption, distribution and elimination (pharmacokinetics), and current pharmacokinetic models (including computerized modeling tools and algorithms) used to predict pharmacokinetic changes. Although sophisticated computerized mathematical models have been widely used to quantitatively describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the human body, limited experimental data for both descriptive and predictive purposes were available. The effects of isolated physical activities on pharmacokinetics have been documented. However, some inconsistencies need to be addressed, such as; the intensity and duration of each physical activity, and timing of drug administration. Other physiological stressors, such as temperature, hypoxic, hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions have been studied to a lesser extent. There are only a few reports describing the psychological effects on drug pharmacokinetics. After carefully reviewing the literature, our goal is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs employed under various military physiological and psychological stressors.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In this report, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on the effects of a range of physiological and psychological stressors on drug absorption, distribution and elimination (pharmacokinetics), and current pharmacokinetic models (including computerized modeling tools and algorithms) used to predict pharmacokinetic changes. Although sophisticated computerized mathematical models have been widely used to quantitatively describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the human body, limited experimental data for both descriptive and predictive purposes were available. The effects of isolated physical activities on pharmacokinetics have been documented. However, some inconsistencies need to be addressed, such as; the intensity and duration of each physical activity, and timing of drug administration. Other physiological stressors, such as temperature, hypoxic, hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions have been studied to a lesser extent. There are only a few reports describing the psychological effects on drug pharmacokinetics. After carefully reviewing the literature, our goal is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs employed under various military physiological and psychological stressors.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-037]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Henry Peng; Bob Cheung]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Pharmacokinetic modeling; Environmental stressors; Operational medicine]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/trevorrow.090109_0943.CR 2009-004.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Environmental Modeling Packages for the MSTDCL TDP: Review and Recommendations]]> <![CDATA[(Trousses de modélisation environnementale pour le PDT DCLTCM: Revue et Recommendations)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Environmental Modeling Packages for the MSTDCL TDP: Review and Recommendations]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/trevorrow.090109_0943.CR 2009-004.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Since 2005 DRDC Atlantic has been conducting the Multi-Sensor Torpedo Detection, Classification, and Localization (MSTDCL) technology demonstration project aimed at improving the torpedo detection, classification, and tracking capabilities on Halifax-class frigates. This document examines the advantages to the MSTDCL project of adding a capable Environmental Analysis package for detection performance prediction. Three levels of complexity were examined: a basic level based on the Networked Underwater Warfare (NUW) developed analysis package, an intermediate level package building on the NUW package to provide improved functionality and displays while reducing operator interaction, and an Advanced Environmental Analysis package that improves the accuracy of the performance predictions by more accurately representing range-dependent environments. The advantages of each level to the MSTDCL system are compared, along with estimates of the work level required to implement the package. A low-risk approach beginning with the NUW package and advancing through the intermediate levels is recommended.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Since 2005 DRDC Atlantic has been conducting the Multi-Sensor Torpedo Detection, Classification, and Localization (MSTDCL) technology demonstration project aimed at improving the torpedo detection, classification, and tracking capabilities on Halifax-class frigates. This document examines the advantages to the MSTDCL project of adding a capable Environmental Analysis package for detection performance prediction. Three levels of complexity were examined: a basic level based on the Networked Underwater Warfare (NUW) developed analysis package, an intermediate level package building on the NUW package to provide improved functionality and displays while reducing operator interaction, and an Advanced Environmental Analysis package that improves the accuracy of the performance predictions by more accurately representing range-dependent environments. The advantages of each level to the MSTDCL system are compared, along with estimates of the work level required to implement the package. A low-risk approach beginning with the NUW package and advancing through the intermediate levels is recommended.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Since 2005 DRDC Atlantic has been conducting the Multi-Sensor Torpedo Detection, Classification, and Localization (MSTDCL) technology demonstration project aimed at improving the torpedo detection, classification, and tracking capabilities on Halifax-class frigates. This document examines the advantages to the MSTDCL project of adding a capable Environmental Analysis package for detection performance prediction. Three levels of complexity were examined: a basic level based on the Networked Underwater Warfare (NUW) developed analysis package, an intermediate level package building on the NUW package to provide improved functionality and displays while reducing operator interaction, and an Advanced Environmental Analysis package that improves the accuracy of the performance predictions by more accurately representing range-dependent environments. The advantages of each level to the MSTDCL system are compared, along with estimates of the work level required to implement the package. A low-risk approach beginning with the NUW package and advancing through the intermediate levels is recommended.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-004]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Robert Trider,; Peter Giles,; Bruce Martin,]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[acoustic modeling; PLEIADES; sonar; Halifax-class frigates]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.090826_1134.Toronto_CR_2009_140.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Modeling of the Bison Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence (C3I) Command Post]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Modeling of the Bison Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence (C3I) Command Post]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.090826_1134.Toronto_CR_2009_140.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes work performed by Trellis Consulting on Call up #1 against Standing Offer #W7711-078111 during the months of August 2008 to July 2009 at DRDC Toronto.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes work performed by Trellis Consulting on Call up #1 against Standing Offer #W7711-078111 during the months of August 2008 to July 2009 at DRDC Toronto.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes work performed by Trellis Consulting on Call up #1 against Standing Offer #W7711-078111 during the months of August 2008 to July 2009 at DRDC Toronto.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-140]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Garry Dunn]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[audio system upgrades; computer software development]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.090728_1257.Toronto_CR_2009_131.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Modelling Workload on the Bison C3I Command Post: Phase I - Task Analysis]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Modelling Workload on the Bison C3I Command Post: Phase I - Task Analysis]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.090728_1257.Toronto_CR_2009_131.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report presents a knowledge base for the creation of a Bison Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) Mobile Command Post (MCP) simulator in the Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto’s (DRDC-Toronto) Noise Simulation Facility (NSF). The purpose of this paper is to provide suitable MCP information such that the study of enhancements to communications, situation awareness, and hearing protection can be made. This knowledge base was established through a limited-scope literature review, a vehicle inspection, Subject Matter Expert (SME) interviews, a compiled inventory of Bison MCP equipment, and an analysis of the tasks performed by a MCP radio operator. Recommendations for MCP simulations include maintaining the highest level of fidelity possible between the lab-based model and the real-world; lab subjects should be trained signal operators and should be recruited from land force personnel (regular or reservist.) Representative MCP tasks would include cordon and search operations and IED scenarios. Operator assessments should be limited to 20 minutes in duration and should include approximately 40-50 messages, of which 5 should be deemed critical. A measure of operator performance may include a mock-briefing of a commander with all relevant intelligence reports or the updating of a map board or both.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report presents a knowledge base for the creation of a Bison Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) Mobile Command Post (MCP) simulator in the Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto’s (DRDC-Toronto) Noise Simulation Facility (NSF). The purpose of this paper is to provide suitable MCP information such that the study of enhancements to communications, situation awareness, and hearing protection can be made. This knowledge base was established through a limited-scope literature review, a vehicle inspection, Subject Matter Expert (SME) interviews, a compiled inventory of Bison MCP equipment, and an analysis of the tasks performed by a MCP radio operator. Recommendations for MCP simulations include maintaining the highest level of fidelity possible between the lab-based model and the real-world; lab subjects should be trained signal operators and should be recruited from land force personnel (regular or reservist.) Representative MCP tasks would include cordon and search operations and IED scenarios. Operator assessments should be limited to 20 minutes in duration and should include approximately 40-50 messages, of which 5 should be deemed critical. A measure of operator performance may include a mock-briefing of a commander with all relevant intelligence reports or the updating of a map board or both.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report presents a knowledge base for the creation of a Bison Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) Mobile Command Post (MCP) simulator in the Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto’s (DRDC-Toronto) Noise Simulation Facility (NSF). The purpose of this paper is to provide suitable MCP information such that the study of enhancements to communications, situation awareness, and hearing protection can be made. This knowledge base was established through a limited-scope literature review, a vehicle inspection, Subject Matter Expert (SME) interviews, a compiled inventory of Bison MCP equipment, and an analysis of the tasks performed by a MCP radio operator. Recommendations for MCP simulations include maintaining the highest level of fidelity possible between the lab-based model and the real-world; lab subjects should be trained signal operators and should be recruited from land force personnel (regular or reservist.) Representative MCP tasks would include cordon and search operations and IED scenarios. Operator assessments should be limited to 20 minutes in duration and should include approximately 40-50 messages, of which 5 should be deemed critical. A measure of operator performance may include a mock-briefing of a commander with all relevant intelligence reports or the updating of a map board or both.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-131]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Brian Mangan; Andrew Morton; Harry Angel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[auditory overload; audio visual strategies]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.090422_1445.Toronto_CR_2009_059.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Integrating occupational characteristics into human performance models: IPME versus ISMAT approach]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Integrating occupational characteristics into human performance models: IPME versus ISMAT approach]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.090422_1445.Toronto_CR_2009_059.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project studied the incorporation of military occupational data into a generic human performance modelling software, the Integrated Performance Modelling Environment (IPME). It has explored the use of modelling and simulation (M&S) for addressing the CF personnel and manpower issues. Particularly, a set of Canadian Air Force occupational specification data were integrated into IPME. This reported study documents our effort to validate this new modelling capability. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mission modeled in IPME was based on Kobierski (2004). The crew from the model consists of operators defined by the job-related task, skill and knowledge statements from the occupational data. Based on the task data incorporated in the model, we used a Job Similarity Index (Farrell et al., 2006) as an indicator for predicting operator performance. To confirm the validity of this approach, we originally planned to replicate the same UAV model in US Army’s IMPRINT and compare the performance predictions made by these two different modelling toolkits. However, due to the lack of access to IMPRINT, the Integrated Simulation Manpower Analysis Tool (ISMAT) was used. As a personnel modelling tool, ISMAT was developed primarily for targeting naval applications. As a result, this study focused on comparing the different personnel modelling approaches between IPME and ISMAT. Their differences are documented in this report, with a highlight on future IPME research and development dir]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project studied the incorporation of military occupational data into a generic human performance modelling software, the Integrated Performance Modelling Environment (IPME). It has explored the use of modelling and simulation (M&S) for addressing the CF personnel and manpower issues. Particularly, a set of Canadian Air Force occupational specification data were integrated into IPME. This reported study documents our effort to validate this new modelling capability. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mission modeled in IPME was based on Kobierski (2004). The crew from the model consists of operators defined by the job-related task, skill and knowledge statements from the occupational data. Based on the task data incorporated in the model, we used a Job Similarity Index (Farrell et al., 2006) as an indicator for predicting operator performance. To confirm the validity of this approach, we originally planned to replicate the same UAV model in US Army’s IMPRINT and compare the performance predictions made by these two different modelling toolkits. However, due to the lack of access to IMPRINT, the Integrated Simulation Manpower Analysis Tool (ISMAT) was used. As a personnel modelling tool, ISMAT was developed primarily for targeting naval applications. As a result, this study focused on comparing the different personnel modelling approaches between IPME and ISMAT. Their differences are documented in this report, with a highlight on future IPME research and development dir]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project studied the incorporation of military occupational data into a generic human performance modelling software, the Integrated Performance Modelling Environment (IPME). It has explored the use of modelling and simulation (M&S) for addressing the CF personnel and manpower issues. Particularly, a set of Canadian Air Force occupational specification data were integrated into IPME. This reported study documents our effort to validate this new modelling capability. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mission modeled in IPME was based on Kobierski (2004). The crew from the model consists of operators defined by the job-related task, skill and knowledge statements from the occupational data. Based on the task data incorporated in the model, we used a Job Similarity Index (Farrell et al., 2006) as an indicator for predicting operator performance. To confirm the validity of this approach, we originally planned to replicate the same UAV model in US Army’s IMPRINT and compare the performance predictions made by these two different modelling toolkits. However, due to the lack of access to IMPRINT, the Integrated Simulation Manpower Analysis Tool (ISMAT) was used. As a personnel modelling tool, ISMAT was developed primarily for targeting naval applications. As a result, this study focused on comparing the different personnel modelling approaches between IPME and ISMAT. Their differences are documented in this report, with a highlight on future IPME research and development dir]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[2009-059]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Christy Lorenzen]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Human performance models; IPME; ISMAT; MOSID; Occupational characteristics]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090406_0915.SL_2009_048.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Impact of Coalition on Command and Control in Joint Fires Support Operations]]> <![CDATA[(L’impact de la coalition sur le commandement et le contrôle dans les opérations de tirs interarmées .)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Impact of Coalition on Command and Control in Joint Fires Support Operations]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090406_0915.SL_2009_048.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Operations frequently require joint forces to work together with coalition partners. But combining diverse, multi-national groups can lead to unique challenges in an operational net-centric environment. Component members may differ in basic norms, culture, and beliefs, as well as in areas such as language, doctrine, and policy. Furthermore, differences in procedures can exist – for example, methods of prioritizing and directing resources, and criteria used to measure operational impact and success, may differ between Canadian forces and our allies. In short, there are a significant number of ‘soft’ issues specific to coalition operations that are expected to negatively impact command and control with respect to time, accuracy, and operational outcome. Moreover, their affect on operational effectiveness will increase when command and control teams are distributed, as in net-centric operations. Implementing appropriate solutions into areas of greatest risk will enhance command and control and reduce the impact of coalition diversity on interoperability. This paper reports on an investigation that identified those areas of greatest concern with respect to the influence of coalition in a Joint Fires Support environment. Based on the findings, recommendations that could ameliorate command and control and improve mission effectiveness are suggested, and future work discussed.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Operations frequently require joint forces to work together with coalition partners. But combining diverse, multi-national groups can lead to unique challenges in an operational net-centric environment. Component members may differ in basic norms, culture, and beliefs, as well as in areas such as language, doctrine, and policy. Furthermore, differences in procedures can exist – for example, methods of prioritizing and directing resources, and criteria used to measure operational impact and success, may differ between Canadian forces and our allies. In short, there are a significant number of ‘soft’ issues specific to coalition operations that are expected to negatively impact command and control with respect to time, accuracy, and operational outcome. Moreover, their affect on operational effectiveness will increase when command and control teams are distributed, as in net-centric operations. Implementing appropriate solutions into areas of greatest risk will enhance command and control and reduce the impact of coalition diversity on interoperability. This paper reports on an investigation that identified those areas of greatest concern with respect to the influence of coalition in a Joint Fires Support environment. Based on the findings, recommendations that could ameliorate command and control and improve mission effectiveness are suggested, and future work discussed.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Operations frequently require joint forces to work together with coalition partners. But combining diverse, multi-national groups can lead to unique challenges in an operational net-centric environment. Component members may differ in basic norms, culture, and beliefs, as well as in areas such as language, doctrine, and policy. Furthermore, differences in procedures can exist – for example, methods of prioritizing and directing resources, and criteria used to measure operational impact and success, may differ between Canadian forces and our allies. In short, there are a significant number of ‘soft’ issues specific to coalition operations that are expected to negatively impact command and control with respect to time, accuracy, and operational outcome. Moreover, their affect on operational effectiveness will increase when command and control teams are distributed, as in net-centric operations. Implementing appropriate solutions into areas of greatest risk will enhance command and control and reduce the impact of coalition diversity on interoperability. This paper reports on an investigation that identified those areas of greatest concern with respect to the influence of coalition in a Joint Fires Support environment. Based on the findings, recommendations that could ameliorate command and control and improve mission effectiveness are suggested, and future work discussed.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2009-048]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Jacquelyn M Crebolder; Curtis Coates; Gerard Torenvliet; Andrew Stewart]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/anakashi.090513_1309.Toronto_TR_2009_074.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Effects of integrated hearing protection headsets on the quality of radio communications]]> <![CDATA[(Effets des casques d’écoute munis d’un dispositif intégré de protection de l’ouïe sur la qualité des communications radio)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Effects of integrated hearing protection headsets on the quality of radio communications]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/anakashi.090513_1309.Toronto_TR_2009_074.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The speech intelligibility of a personal role radio (PRR) with integrated hearing protection headsets (IHPH) was investigated. The standard PRR communication headset is comprised of a one-sided earcup and a boom microphone, and does not provide hearing protection. IHPH devices provide simultaneous hearing protection, communication and enhanced hearing capability. Two different tests of speech intelligibility were used (modified rhyme test [MRT] and speech perception in noise [SPIN]) to evaluate the quality of radioed speech over the standard PRR headset (SH), the Nacre QuietPro® (QP) and the Silynx QuietOpsTM (QO). The highest scores on the MRT and SPIN tests in background noise were obtained using the SH, followed by the QP and the QO. However, the QP was given a higher total user acceptance rating score than the SH. Both the QP and SH were rated relatively higher than the QO. Given that hearing protection will be required in most operational environments, the QP provided the best combination of speech quality, hearing protection and usability.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The speech intelligibility of a personal role radio (PRR) with integrated hearing protection headsets (IHPH) was investigated. The standard PRR communication headset is comprised of a one-sided earcup and a boom microphone, and does not provide hearing protection. IHPH devices provide simultaneous hearing protection, communication and enhanced hearing capability. Two different tests of speech intelligibility were used (modified rhyme test [MRT] and speech perception in noise [SPIN]) to evaluate the quality of radioed speech over the standard PRR headset (SH), the Nacre QuietPro® (QP) and the Silynx QuietOpsTM (QO). The highest scores on the MRT and SPIN tests in background noise were obtained using the SH, followed by the QP and the QO. However, the QP was given a higher total user acceptance rating score than the SH. Both the QP and SH were rated relatively higher than the QO. Given that hearing protection will be required in most operational environments, the QP provided the best combination of speech quality, hearing protection and usability.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The speech intelligibility of a personal role radio (PRR) with integrated hearing protection headsets (IHPH) was investigated. The standard PRR communication headset is comprised of a one-sided earcup and a boom microphone, and does not provide hearing protection. IHPH devices provide simultaneous hearing protection, communication and enhanced hearing capability. Two different tests of speech intelligibility were used (modified rhyme test [MRT] and speech perception in noise [SPIN]) to evaluate the quality of radioed speech over the standard PRR headset (SH), the Nacre QuietPro® (QP) and the Silynx QuietOpsTM (QO). The highest scores on the MRT and SPIN tests in background noise were obtained using the SH, followed by the QP and the QO. However, the QP was given a higher total user acceptance rating score than the SH. Both the QP and SH were rated relatively higher than the QO. Given that hearing protection will be required in most operational environments, the QP provided the best combination of speech quality, hearing protection and usability.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-074]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Ann Nakashima; Sharon M. Abel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[hearing, radio communications, hearing protection, speech intelligibility]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/dbryant.090715_1416.toronto_TR_2009_126.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Decision Rules for Pictorial Threat Classification]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Decision Rules for Pictorial Threat Classification]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/dbryant.090715_1416.toronto_TR_2009_126.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments examined the use of heuristic and analytic decision strategies in a simulated threat assessment task. Subjects learned to classify targets as friend or foe on the bases of uncertain cues (i.e. characteristics that were probabilistically associated with classification of a target as friend or foe). Subjects were then asked to classify targets that contrasted predictions of several decision rules, including a simple heuristic called Take-the-Best-for-Classification (TTB-C) that uses a single cue to classify targets and the Bayesian classification strategy that is based on formal statistic models. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that the mode of presentation (Text versus picture) did not affect the tendency of subjects to use either decision strategy. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that exposure time of pictorial stimuli also did not affect the proportions of subjects employing TTB-C versus the Bayesian strategy. However, an unexpected but very large effect of the target set was observed in the second experiment. This effect may indicate that the interaction of the perceptual salience of cues with the diagnosticity of those cues is a predictor of strategy use. Future research will examine this possibility.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments examined the use of heuristic and analytic decision strategies in a simulated threat assessment task. Subjects learned to classify targets as friend or foe on the bases of uncertain cues (i.e. characteristics that were probabilistically associated with classification of a target as friend or foe). Subjects were then asked to classify targets that contrasted predictions of several decision rules, including a simple heuristic called Take-the-Best-for-Classification (TTB-C) that uses a single cue to classify targets and the Bayesian classification strategy that is based on formal statistic models. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that the mode of presentation (Text versus picture) did not affect the tendency of subjects to use either decision strategy. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that exposure time of pictorial stimuli also did not affect the proportions of subjects employing TTB-C versus the Bayesian strategy. However, an unexpected but very large effect of the target set was observed in the second experiment. This effect may indicate that the interaction of the perceptual salience of cues with the diagnosticity of those cues is a predictor of strategy use. Future research will examine this possibility.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments examined the use of heuristic and analytic decision strategies in a simulated threat assessment task. Subjects learned to classify targets as friend or foe on the bases of uncertain cues (i.e. characteristics that were probabilistically associated with classification of a target as friend or foe). Subjects were then asked to classify targets that contrasted predictions of several decision rules, including a simple heuristic called Take-the-Best-for-Classification (TTB-C) that uses a single cue to classify targets and the Bayesian classification strategy that is based on formal statistic models. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that the mode of presentation (Text versus picture) did not affect the tendency of subjects to use either decision strategy. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that exposure time of pictorial stimuli also did not affect the proportions of subjects employing TTB-C versus the Bayesian strategy. However, an unexpected but very large effect of the target set was observed in the second experiment. This effect may indicate that the interaction of the perceptual salience of cues with the diagnosticity of those cues is a predictor of strategy use. Future research will examine this possibility.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-126]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David J. Bryant]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[decision making; classification; combat identification]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/dbryant.090715_1407.Toronto_TR_2009_128.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Combat Identification (15au): Project summary and closeout report]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Combat Identification (15au): Project summary and closeout report]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/dbryant.090715_1407.Toronto_TR_2009_128.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The purpose of this report is to summarize the work conducted within Project 15au “Combat Identification.” The report begins with a review of the project objectives and provides some background concerning the need for this work. The project achievements and cost performance are summarized, followed by descriptions of the major work elements undertaken. Among the major outcomes are a) a computer-based methodology for studying the effects of environmental (e.g., types of visual cues) and system (e.g., blue-force tracking) factors on the speed and accuracy of human combat identification judgments, b) an information accumulation model of human combat identification decision making, and c) preliminary experimentation to validate this model and provide insight into the likely effects of blue-force tracking and rifle-mounted combat identification assist systems on human decision making. A complete list of lessons learned from the project is provided. The report ends with discussion of potential avenues for exploitation of the project results and suggestions of future research and development directions.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The purpose of this report is to summarize the work conducted within Project 15au “Combat Identification.” The report begins with a review of the project objectives and provides some background concerning the need for this work. The project achievements and cost performance are summarized, followed by descriptions of the major work elements undertaken. Among the major outcomes are a) a computer-based methodology for studying the effects of environmental (e.g., types of visual cues) and system (e.g., blue-force tracking) factors on the speed and accuracy of human combat identification judgments, b) an information accumulation model of human combat identification decision making, and c) preliminary experimentation to validate this model and provide insight into the likely effects of blue-force tracking and rifle-mounted combat identification assist systems on human decision making. A complete list of lessons learned from the project is provided. The report ends with discussion of potential avenues for exploitation of the project results and suggestions of future research and development directions.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The purpose of this report is to summarize the work conducted within Project 15au “Combat Identification.” The report begins with a review of the project objectives and provides some background concerning the need for this work. The project achievements and cost performance are summarized, followed by descriptions of the major work elements undertaken. Among the major outcomes are a) a computer-based methodology for studying the effects of environmental (e.g., types of visual cues) and system (e.g., blue-force tracking) factors on the speed and accuracy of human combat identification judgments, b) an information accumulation model of human combat identification decision making, and c) preliminary experimentation to validate this model and provide insight into the likely effects of blue-force tracking and rifle-mounted combat identification assist systems on human decision making. A complete list of lessons learned from the project is provided. The report ends with discussion of potential avenues for exploitation of the project results and suggestions of future research and development directions.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-128]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David J. Bryant]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[combat identification;decision making]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Keith.Niall.081202_1518.toronto_TR_2009_121.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A summary of proceedings for the Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Symposium]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A summary of proceedings for the Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Symposium]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Keith.Niall.081202_1518.toronto_TR_2009_121.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Technology Demonstration Project was initiated to design, develop, and deliver transportable visual simulations that jointly provide night-vision and high-resolution daylight capability. The project includes research and development on deployable display technologies for realistic day and night training operations, extends the knowledge of human factors with night vision devices, and the ability to represent dangerous or extreme scenarios for day and night operations in general. On November 13th and 14th 2007 the Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Technical Demonstration Project held a symposium at Defence Research Development Canada in Toronto. Many contributions were made by professionals in the fields of human factors, image generation, projection technologies, and photogrammetry. The abstracts of papers presented at the symposium are in this technical report, in both official languages.; The intent of this effort is to aid operational readiness by advancing the visual simulation capabilities of training simulators so that they can be deployed for mission rehearsal. This objective can be achieved by developing high-resolution, multi-spectral visual simulation capabilities that integrate advancements of laser projection technology, and physics-based modelling of night vision devices with terrain representations that can incorporate reconnaissance data.;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Technology Demonstration Project was initiated to design, develop, and deliver transportable visual simulations that jointly provide night-vision and high-resolution daylight capability. The project includes research and development on deployable display technologies for realistic day and night training operations, extends the knowledge of human factors with night vision devices, and the ability to represent dangerous or extreme scenarios for day and night operations in general. On November 13th and 14th 2007 the Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Technical Demonstration Project held a symposium at Defence Research Development Canada in Toronto. Many contributions were made by professionals in the fields of human factors, image generation, projection technologies, and photogrammetry. The abstracts of papers presented at the symposium are in this technical report, in both official languages.; The intent of this effort is to aid operational readiness by advancing the visual simulation capabilities of training simulators so that they can be deployed for mission rehearsal. This objective can be achieved by developing high-resolution, multi-spectral visual simulation capabilities that integrate advancements of laser projection technology, and physics-based modelling of night vision devices with terrain representations that can incorporate reconnaissance data.;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Technology Demonstration Project was initiated to design, develop, and deliver transportable visual simulations that jointly provide night-vision and high-resolution daylight capability. The project includes research and development on deployable display technologies for realistic day and night training operations, extends the knowledge of human factors with night vision devices, and the ability to represent dangerous or extreme scenarios for day and night operations in general. On November 13th and 14th 2007 the Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Technical Demonstration Project held a symposium at Defence Research Development Canada in Toronto. Many contributions were made by professionals in the fields of human factors, image generation, projection technologies, and photogrammetry. The abstracts of papers presented at the symposium are in this technical report, in both official languages.; The intent of this effort is to aid operational readiness by advancing the visual simulation capabilities of training simulators so that they can be deployed for mission rehearsal. This objective can be achieved by developing high-resolution, multi-spectral visual simulation capabilities that integrate advancements of laser projection technology, and physics-based modelling of night vision devices with terrain representations that can incorporate reconnaissance data.;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-121]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Keith K. Niall (Editor)]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[ADDNS ; high resolution; displays; night vision; simulation; night vision simula]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/khendy.090713_1147.Toronto_TR_2009_123.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Expedition 07 ~ Report on Work Package 3.3: Develop Management Capability]]> <![CDATA[(Expédition 07 -- Rapport sur la tâche 3.3 : Renforcer la capacité de gestion)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Expedition 07 ~ Report on Work Package 3.3: Develop Management Capability]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/khendy.090713_1147.Toronto_TR_2009_123.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[For DRDC to be successful in implementing its strategy for the future, it needs very capable managers at all levels, including both corporate services and DS managers. Although some leadership and management skills are enduring, the environment in which our managers operate is increasingly complex. DRDC needs to attract and develop managers and allow them to excel at managing around excellence, relevance and impact, in the environment that will result from the successful implementation of the DND S&T Strategy. Key skills include agility, flexibility, the ability to handle complexity, the ability to look externally, and the ability to build networks.; ; The objective of the Work Package titled Develop Management Capability was to provide recommendations that could be used to put in place the appropriate development programs to ensure that DRDC has a cadre of excellent managers now and in the future. Although the focus of the activity was on developmental aspects, issues such as workload, administration support, and compensation were also considered to ensure that de-motivators are addressed to the extent possible. ;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[For DRDC to be successful in implementing its strategy for the future, it needs very capable managers at all levels, including both corporate services and DS managers. Although some leadership and management skills are enduring, the environment in which our managers operate is increasingly complex. DRDC needs to attract and develop managers and allow them to excel at managing around excellence, relevance and impact, in the environment that will result from the successful implementation of the DND S&T Strategy. Key skills include agility, flexibility, the ability to handle complexity, the ability to look externally, and the ability to build networks.; ; The objective of the Work Package titled Develop Management Capability was to provide recommendations that could be used to put in place the appropriate development programs to ensure that DRDC has a cadre of excellent managers now and in the future. Although the focus of the activity was on developmental aspects, issues such as workload, administration support, and compensation were also considered to ensure that de-motivators are addressed to the extent possible. ;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[For DRDC to be successful in implementing its strategy for the future, it needs very capable managers at all levels, including both corporate services and DS managers. Although some leadership and management skills are enduring, the environment in which our managers operate is increasingly complex. DRDC needs to attract and develop managers and allow them to excel at managing around excellence, relevance and impact, in the environment that will result from the successful implementation of the DND S&T Strategy. Key skills include agility, flexibility, the ability to handle complexity, the ability to look externally, and the ability to build networks.; ; The objective of the Work Package titled Develop Management Capability was to provide recommendations that could be used to put in place the appropriate development programs to ensure that DRDC has a cadre of excellent managers now and in the future. Although the focus of the activity was on developmental aspects, issues such as workload, administration support, and compensation were also considered to ensure that de-motivators are addressed to the extent possible. ;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Corporate]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-123]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[J. Beaudin, M. Ducharme, D. Hanna, K. Hendy, K. Kilbride, J. Lavigne, C. Legare, W. Nethercote, D. Oxford, Y. van Chestein;]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Expedition 07; change management; manager workload]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/aisenor.090421_0907.TM 2009-061.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Utilizing Arc Marine concepts for designing a geospatially enabled database to support rapid environmental assessment]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Utilizing Arc Marine concepts for designing a geospatially enabled database to support rapid environmental assessment]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/aisenor.090421_0907.TM 2009-061.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The design of the rapid environmental assessment (REA) database version 1 was completed under contract. The database was constructed in PostgreSQL, an open-source database management system. The REA database was primarily used for the storage of DRDC Atlantic environmental data. However, additional data sets from external sources were added for bathymetry and geological data. As use of the REA database increased, it became desirable to redesign the database to better serve the user community within DRDC Atlantic. The redesign effort focused on the use of widely used standards and specifications for oceanographic data and metadata management. The redesign created a complete data model in the ERwin software for a production level database. The data model is fully documented in terms of data type, comment fields and relationships between entities. The redesign effort also fully documented the mapping of data from the existing REA database to the redesigned production data model, thereby providing developers with a clear and concise progression plan. The redesign effort also identified considerable data in the existing REA database that is not required in the production database. Finally, a designed data classification scheme is used to develop a user exit strategy for accessing the external data sets. This negates the need to store external data sets within the redesigned database.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The design of the rapid environmental assessment (REA) database version 1 was completed under contract. The database was constructed in PostgreSQL, an open-source database management system. The REA database was primarily used for the storage of DRDC Atlantic environmental data. However, additional data sets from external sources were added for bathymetry and geological data. As use of the REA database increased, it became desirable to redesign the database to better serve the user community within DRDC Atlantic. The redesign effort focused on the use of widely used standards and specifications for oceanographic data and metadata management. The redesign created a complete data model in the ERwin software for a production level database. The data model is fully documented in terms of data type, comment fields and relationships between entities. The redesign effort also fully documented the mapping of data from the existing REA database to the redesigned production data model, thereby providing developers with a clear and concise progression plan. The redesign effort also identified considerable data in the existing REA database that is not required in the production database. Finally, a designed data classification scheme is used to develop a user exit strategy for accessing the external data sets. This negates the need to store external data sets within the redesigned database.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The design of the rapid environmental assessment (REA) database version 1 was completed under contract. The database was constructed in PostgreSQL, an open-source database management system. The REA database was primarily used for the storage of DRDC Atlantic environmental data. However, additional data sets from external sources were added for bathymetry and geological data. As use of the REA database increased, it became desirable to redesign the database to better serve the user community within DRDC Atlantic. The redesign effort focused on the use of widely used standards and specifications for oceanographic data and metadata management. The redesign created a complete data model in the ERwin software for a production level database. The data model is fully documented in terms of data type, comment fields and relationships between entities. The redesign effort also fully documented the mapping of data from the existing REA database to the redesigned production data model, thereby providing developers with a clear and concise progression plan. The redesign effort also identified considerable data in the existing REA database that is not required in the production database. Finally, a designed data classification scheme is used to develop a user exit strategy for accessing the external data sets. This negates the need to store external data sets within the redesigned database.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2009-061]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Anthony W. Isenor; Tobias W. Spears]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[rapid environmental assessment; data modelling; Arc Marine; PostgreSQL; geograph]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090714_1546.Toronto_CR_2009_125.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Justifications for War and Peace in World Religions ; Part I: Extracts, Summaries and Comparisons of Scriptures in the Abrahamic Religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism)]]> <![CDATA[(La justification de la guerre et de la paix dans les religions du monde; Partie I : Extraits, sommaires et comparaisons des textes sacrés des religions abrahamiques (christianisme, judaïsme et islam))]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Justifications for War and Peace in World Religions ; Part I: Extracts, Summaries and Comparisons of Scriptures in the Abrahamic Religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism)]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090714_1546.Toronto_CR_2009_125.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[One of the most important decisions by any nation or armed group is when, if ever, to wage war or engage with armed force. Such life-and-death judgements are usually informed by and sometimes determined by ethical principles and religious beliefs. The world religions provide guidelines on when armed force is justified. Are the permissions and prohibitions similar among religions? The present work seeks to map out the spectrum of religious approaches to armed force, as expressed in the scriptures of the world’s largest religions. Through the interpretations of religious scriptures vary considerably, the texts themselves provide a sense of each religion’s approach to the issue. Expressing values from absolute pacifism, where armed force is not permissible under any circumstances, to strong militancy, where armed force is readily adopted, this research compiles, compares and contrasts scriptural passages. Along with the associated DRDC report, it presents a tour d’horizon of the basic scriptures of seven world religions. The present report, constituting Part I of the work, analyses three Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism) and the companion report, Part II, covers religions of Indic origin (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism). The chosen scriptures from each religion are briefly introduced and the relevant verses are extracted, categorized and summarized. This makes possible, in each religion, the juxtaposition of passages justifying the use of force with]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[One of the most important decisions by any nation or armed group is when, if ever, to wage war or engage with armed force. Such life-and-death judgements are usually informed by and sometimes determined by ethical principles and religious beliefs. The world religions provide guidelines on when armed force is justified. Are the permissions and prohibitions similar among religions? The present work seeks to map out the spectrum of religious approaches to armed force, as expressed in the scriptures of the world’s largest religions. Through the interpretations of religious scriptures vary considerably, the texts themselves provide a sense of each religion’s approach to the issue. Expressing values from absolute pacifism, where armed force is not permissible under any circumstances, to strong militancy, where armed force is readily adopted, this research compiles, compares and contrasts scriptural passages. Along with the associated DRDC report, it presents a tour d’horizon of the basic scriptures of seven world religions. The present report, constituting Part I of the work, analyses three Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism) and the companion report, Part II, covers religions of Indic origin (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism). The chosen scriptures from each religion are briefly introduced and the relevant verses are extracted, categorized and summarized. This makes possible, in each religion, the juxtaposition of passages justifying the use of force with]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[One of the most important decisions by any nation or armed group is when, if ever, to wage war or engage with armed force. Such life-and-death judgements are usually informed by and sometimes determined by ethical principles and religious beliefs. The world religions provide guidelines on when armed force is justified. Are the permissions and prohibitions similar among religions? The present work seeks to map out the spectrum of religious approaches to armed force, as expressed in the scriptures of the world’s largest religions. Through the interpretations of religious scriptures vary considerably, the texts themselves provide a sense of each religion’s approach to the issue. Expressing values from absolute pacifism, where armed force is not permissible under any circumstances, to strong militancy, where armed force is readily adopted, this research compiles, compares and contrasts scriptural passages. Along with the associated DRDC report, it presents a tour d’horizon of the basic scriptures of seven world religions. The present report, constituting Part I of the work, analyses three Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism) and the companion report, Part II, covers religions of Indic origin (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism). The chosen scriptures from each religion are briefly introduced and the relevant verses are extracted, categorized and summarized. This makes possible, in each religion, the juxtaposition of passages justifying the use of force with]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-125]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[A. Walter Dorn ; Anne Frances Cation;]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Allah; Anglican; Armed; Bible; Catholic; Christian; Christianity; Crusade; Crusa]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090422_1542.CR 2009-090.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Virtual Social Networking and Interoperability in the Canadian Forces Netcentric Environment]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Virtual Social Networking and Interoperability in the Canadian Forces Netcentric Environment]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090422_1542.CR 2009-090.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In joint, coalition, and multi-agency operations, where component members are physically dispersed and culturally and operationally diverse, it is not uncommon to find that members are not familiar with the roles, expertise, and expectations of partnering units or organizations. Developing shared awareness and a high degree of interoperability in this distributed, anonymous environment necessitates appropriate tools to assist teams in collaboration and information sharing, and in localizing resources and expertise. In the corporate and public worlds a relatively new class of communication called virtual social networking (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn) is quickly taking over more traditional information sharing methods, such as email and chat. Virtual social networking represents evolutionary progress in disseminating information via the internet and its dynamic basis provides a rich forum for sharing information, for uncovering sources of expertise, and for developing extensive virtual connections between individuals and between groups. A research program has been initiated at Defence Research and Development Canada to investigate the requirements and feasibility of implementing this kind of web-based social networking with the Canadian Forces. This paper describes results from the first phase of the project, wherein social networking applications currently used by public and private organizations were explored with respect to composition, content, and use..]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In joint, coalition, and multi-agency operations, where component members are physically dispersed and culturally and operationally diverse, it is not uncommon to find that members are not familiar with the roles, expertise, and expectations of partnering units or organizations. Developing shared awareness and a high degree of interoperability in this distributed, anonymous environment necessitates appropriate tools to assist teams in collaboration and information sharing, and in localizing resources and expertise. In the corporate and public worlds a relatively new class of communication called virtual social networking (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn) is quickly taking over more traditional information sharing methods, such as email and chat. Virtual social networking represents evolutionary progress in disseminating information via the internet and its dynamic basis provides a rich forum for sharing information, for uncovering sources of expertise, and for developing extensive virtual connections between individuals and between groups. A research program has been initiated at Defence Research and Development Canada to investigate the requirements and feasibility of implementing this kind of web-based social networking with the Canadian Forces. This paper describes results from the first phase of the project, wherein social networking applications currently used by public and private organizations were explored with respect to composition, content, and use..]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In joint, coalition, and multi-agency operations, where component members are physically dispersed and culturally and operationally diverse, it is not uncommon to find that members are not familiar with the roles, expertise, and expectations of partnering units or organizations. Developing shared awareness and a high degree of interoperability in this distributed, anonymous environment necessitates appropriate tools to assist teams in collaboration and information sharing, and in localizing resources and expertise. In the corporate and public worlds a relatively new class of communication called virtual social networking (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn) is quickly taking over more traditional information sharing methods, such as email and chat. Virtual social networking represents evolutionary progress in disseminating information via the internet and its dynamic basis provides a rich forum for sharing information, for uncovering sources of expertise, and for developing extensive virtual connections between individuals and between groups. A research program has been initiated at Defence Research and Development Canada to investigate the requirements and feasibility of implementing this kind of web-based social networking with the Canadian Forces. This paper describes results from the first phase of the project, wherein social networking applications currently used by public and private organizations were explored with respect to composition, content, and use..]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-090]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sylvain Pronovost; Gerald Lai]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[social networking, collaboration,web-based collaborative tools, analytics, socia]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CrawfordA.090330_1151.TM 2009-070.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Summary of the Maritime Force Protection Technology Demonstration Project Underwater Threats Component Build 1 Trial]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Summary of the Maritime Force Protection Technology Demonstration Project Underwater Threats Component Build 1 Trial]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CrawfordA.090330_1151.TM 2009-070.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Maritime Force Protection Technology Demonstration Project (MFP TDP) is on-going at DRDC Atlantic with the objective of providing advice to the CF on force protection issues by examining requirements, state-of-the-art solutions and capability gaps, while conducting a series of tests and evaluations on developmental and COTS equipment. The Underwater Threats (UW) Component focuses on addressing deficiencies in current CF capabilities for countering underwater threats to Canadian ships in harbours and anchorages. The UW Component program is designed as a series of three Builds, each including a trial, incorporating incremental improvements using a spiral development approach. The first Build trial was completed at CFB Shearwater, Fleet Diving Unit (Atlantic), in October 2008. This was the first field test of an integrated capability that includes a QinetiQ Cerberus diver detection sonar (DDS) purchased as part of the project, and a response boat outfitted with a tactical navigation display and high-frequency identification sonar for investigating targets tracked by the DDS. A major accomplishment during the trial was achievement of complete detect-to-reacquire sequences where a target was tracked by the DDS, the track location was transferred to the response boat tactical display via wireless network, and that target was reacquired with the response boat identification sonar. During exercises with divers, an underwater loud hailer was deployed after contact acquisition, a w]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Maritime Force Protection Technology Demonstration Project (MFP TDP) is on-going at DRDC Atlantic with the objective of providing advice to the CF on force protection issues by examining requirements, state-of-the-art solutions and capability gaps, while conducting a series of tests and evaluations on developmental and COTS equipment. The Underwater Threats (UW) Component focuses on addressing deficiencies in current CF capabilities for countering underwater threats to Canadian ships in harbours and anchorages. The UW Component program is designed as a series of three Builds, each including a trial, incorporating incremental improvements using a spiral development approach. The first Build trial was completed at CFB Shearwater, Fleet Diving Unit (Atlantic), in October 2008. This was the first field test of an integrated capability that includes a QinetiQ Cerberus diver detection sonar (DDS) purchased as part of the project, and a response boat outfitted with a tactical navigation display and high-frequency identification sonar for investigating targets tracked by the DDS. A major accomplishment during the trial was achievement of complete detect-to-reacquire sequences where a target was tracked by the DDS, the track location was transferred to the response boat tactical display via wireless network, and that target was reacquired with the response boat identification sonar. During exercises with divers, an underwater loud hailer was deployed after contact acquisition, a w]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Maritime Force Protection Technology Demonstration Project (MFP TDP) is on-going at DRDC Atlantic with the objective of providing advice to the CF on force protection issues by examining requirements, state-of-the-art solutions and capability gaps, while conducting a series of tests and evaluations on developmental and COTS equipment. The Underwater Threats (UW) Component focuses on addressing deficiencies in current CF capabilities for countering underwater threats to Canadian ships in harbours and anchorages. The UW Component program is designed as a series of three Builds, each including a trial, incorporating incremental improvements using a spiral development approach. The first Build trial was completed at CFB Shearwater, Fleet Diving Unit (Atlantic), in October 2008. This was the first field test of an integrated capability that includes a QinetiQ Cerberus diver detection sonar (DDS) purchased as part of the project, and a response boat outfitted with a tactical navigation display and high-frequency identification sonar for investigating targets tracked by the DDS. A major accomplishment during the trial was achievement of complete detect-to-reacquire sequences where a target was tracked by the DDS, the track location was transferred to the response boat tactical display via wireless network, and that target was reacquired with the response boat identification sonar. During exercises with divers, an underwater loud hailer was deployed after contact acquisition, a w]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2009-070]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Anna Crawford, D. Vance Crowe, David Hopkin, Dana Maxwell]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[force protection; diver detection]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090611_1357.Toronto_TN_2009_082.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Logic of Definition]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Logic of Definition]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090611_1357.Toronto_TN_2009_082.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This Technical Note discusses the logic of definition, illustrating some of the basic terminology, types and methods used in this essential intellectual activity.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This Technical Note discusses the logic of definition, illustrating some of the basic terminology, types and methods used in this essential intellectual activity.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This Technical Note discusses the logic of definition, illustrating some of the basic terminology, types and methods used in this essential intellectual activity.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TN 2009-082]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[James W. Moore]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Definition; Definiendum; Definiens; Extension; Denotation; Intension; Connotatio]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/owhite.090720_1155.TR-2009-010.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Colloque S&T Symposium 2009 Understanding the Human Dimension in 21st Century Conflict/Warfare: Taking Care of the Front Line;]]> <![CDATA[(Colloque S et T pour la défense 2009 : Comprendre la dimension humaine dans les conflits/la conduite de la guerre au XXIe siècle : Veiller à la ligne de front)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Colloque S&T Symposium 2009 Understanding the Human Dimension in 21st Century Conflict/Warfare: Taking Care of the Front Line;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/owhite.090720_1155.TR-2009-010.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Defence S&T Symposium 2009, which focused on "taking care of the front line," was the third of a three part series exploring the human-centric dimensions of conflict in the future security environment. When deployed, Canadian Forces are increasingly expected to navigate the tides of complex situations and environments that require strategies that are not purely military in nature. To successfully support such endeavours, a whole-of-government approach is necessary. Such an approach cannot work unless the best direction of policy and action is clearly established, but the complexities involved may create confounding issues for decision makers. To this end, human-centric S&T research is clearly needed.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Defence S&T Symposium 2009, which focused on "taking care of the front line," was the third of a three part series exploring the human-centric dimensions of conflict in the future security environment. When deployed, Canadian Forces are increasingly expected to navigate the tides of complex situations and environments that require strategies that are not purely military in nature. To successfully support such endeavours, a whole-of-government approach is necessary. Such an approach cannot work unless the best direction of policy and action is clearly established, but the complexities involved may create confounding issues for decision makers. To this end, human-centric S&T research is clearly needed.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Defence S&T Symposium 2009, which focused on "taking care of the front line," was the third of a three part series exploring the human-centric dimensions of conflict in the future security environment. When deployed, Canadian Forces are increasingly expected to navigate the tides of complex situations and environments that require strategies that are not purely military in nature. To successfully support such endeavours, a whole-of-government approach is necessary. Such an approach cannot work unless the best direction of policy and action is clearly established, but the complexities involved may create confounding issues for decision makers. To this end, human-centric S&T research is clearly needed.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Corporate]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-010]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Stefan Wolejszo; Kyle Fraser; Orrick White (Editor)]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Defence; Symposium; Science; Technology; Human Dimension]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.090226_1413.Toronto_TM_2009_026.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Behavioural indices of central auditory processing.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Behavioural indices of central auditory processing.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.090226_1413.Toronto_TM_2009_026.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This research examined the effect of aging, gender, ear and practice on the outcomes of a battery of behavioural tests used in clinical practice to diagnose pathology of the central auditory system. The test battery included the Dichotic Digits Test, Duration Patterns Test, Frequency Patterns Test and Gaps-in-Noise Test. The ultimate goal was to determine whether such tests might be useful in diagnosing pathology of central origin in cases where peripheral auditory pathology has been ruled out but hearing problems persist. Two groups of 12 subjects aged 18-39 years and 40-60 years, respectively, were tested. Half of each group were males and half females. All were fluent in English, had normal or corrected normal vision and normal hearing, and had no history of otological or neurological disease or head trauma. Subjects were tested individually in a sound proof booth. The test materials were commercially available on compact discs (CDs). These were presented at a comfortable listening level. All but the Gaps-in-Noise Test were presented twice. Subjects recorded their responses using paper and pencil. The results showed that there were no significant effects of age, gender, ear or replication. Thus, the outcomes for the 24 subjects were pooled. Means and standard deviations were similar to published norms. However, based on the high incidence (25%) of subjects whose scores would have been judged abnormal and the relatively wide range of outcomes for the Duration Patterns Test,]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This research examined the effect of aging, gender, ear and practice on the outcomes of a battery of behavioural tests used in clinical practice to diagnose pathology of the central auditory system. The test battery included the Dichotic Digits Test, Duration Patterns Test, Frequency Patterns Test and Gaps-in-Noise Test. The ultimate goal was to determine whether such tests might be useful in diagnosing pathology of central origin in cases where peripheral auditory pathology has been ruled out but hearing problems persist. Two groups of 12 subjects aged 18-39 years and 40-60 years, respectively, were tested. Half of each group were males and half females. All were fluent in English, had normal or corrected normal vision and normal hearing, and had no history of otological or neurological disease or head trauma. Subjects were tested individually in a sound proof booth. The test materials were commercially available on compact discs (CDs). These were presented at a comfortable listening level. All but the Gaps-in-Noise Test were presented twice. Subjects recorded their responses using paper and pencil. The results showed that there were no significant effects of age, gender, ear or replication. Thus, the outcomes for the 24 subjects were pooled. Means and standard deviations were similar to published norms. However, based on the high incidence (25%) of subjects whose scores would have been judged abnormal and the relatively wide range of outcomes for the Duration Patterns Test,]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This research examined the effect of aging, gender, ear and practice on the outcomes of a battery of behavioural tests used in clinical practice to diagnose pathology of the central auditory system. The test battery included the Dichotic Digits Test, Duration Patterns Test, Frequency Patterns Test and Gaps-in-Noise Test. The ultimate goal was to determine whether such tests might be useful in diagnosing pathology of central origin in cases where peripheral auditory pathology has been ruled out but hearing problems persist. Two groups of 12 subjects aged 18-39 years and 40-60 years, respectively, were tested. Half of each group were males and half females. All were fluent in English, had normal or corrected normal vision and normal hearing, and had no history of otological or neurological disease or head trauma. Subjects were tested individually in a sound proof booth. The test materials were commercially available on compact discs (CDs). These were presented at a comfortable listening level. All but the Gaps-in-Noise Test were presented twice. Subjects recorded their responses using paper and pencil. The results showed that there were no significant effects of age, gender, ear or replication. Thus, the outcomes for the 24 subjects were pooled. Means and standard deviations were similar to published norms. However, based on the high incidence (25%) of subjects whose scores would have been judged abnormal and the relatively wide range of outcomes for the Duration Patterns Test,]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2009-026]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sharon M. Abel, Dan van der Werf]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[central auditory lesions; non invasive tests; normative data; age, gender and re]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mhou.090407_1006.Toronto_CR_2009_051.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Literature Review on Operator Interface Technologies for Network Enabled Operational Environments Using; Complex System Analysis]]> <![CDATA[(Une analyse documentaire sur les technologies d'interface opérateur pour les environnements d’opérations réseaucentriques à l'aide d'une analyse de systèmes complexes)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A Literature Review on Operator Interface Technologies for Network Enabled Operational Environments Using; Complex System Analysis]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mhou.090407_1006.Toronto_CR_2009_051.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A literature review was conducted to examine existing and potential advanced interface technologies for supervisory control of multiple heterogeneous assets (e.g., UAV swarming) in a NEO environment. These technologies include behavioural-based interface design approaches, physiological-based interface design approaches, and multi-agent interface design and implementation methodologies. The emphasis was on adaptive interfaces and intelligent agent system technologies. An analysis was conducted to compare differences between requirements of a NEO complex environment and current available technologies. A review on design principles and frameworks for synthetic complex systems was also performed. The results were summarized with pros and cons of different technologies for interface design purposes.;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A literature review was conducted to examine existing and potential advanced interface technologies for supervisory control of multiple heterogeneous assets (e.g., UAV swarming) in a NEO environment. These technologies include behavioural-based interface design approaches, physiological-based interface design approaches, and multi-agent interface design and implementation methodologies. The emphasis was on adaptive interfaces and intelligent agent system technologies. An analysis was conducted to compare differences between requirements of a NEO complex environment and current available technologies. A review on design principles and frameworks for synthetic complex systems was also performed. The results were summarized with pros and cons of different technologies for interface design purposes.;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A literature review was conducted to examine existing and potential advanced interface technologies for supervisory control of multiple heterogeneous assets (e.g., UAV swarming) in a NEO environment. These technologies include behavioural-based interface design approaches, physiological-based interface design approaches, and multi-agent interface design and implementation methodologies. The emphasis was on adaptive interfaces and intelligent agent system technologies. An analysis was conducted to compare differences between requirements of a NEO complex environment and current available technologies. A review on design principles and frameworks for synthetic complex systems was also performed. The results were summarized with pros and cons of different technologies for interface design purposes.;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-051]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Haibini Zhu; Ming Hou]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[supervisory control;UAV swarming;interface design; multi-agent interface design;]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091208_0707.Multi-Agency Response FINAL TM 2009.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Adapting and Evolving in Emergency Response: The Case for More Complex Multi-Organizational Partnerships.]]> <![CDATA[(Appuyer « l’émergence » dans les interventions d’urgence : les arguments invoqués en faveur de partenariats plus complexes dans les organisations.)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Adapting and Evolving in Emergency Response: The Case for More Complex Multi-Organizational Partnerships.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091208_0707.Multi-Agency Response FINAL TM 2009.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper posits a need for a paradigmatic shift in thinking about how emergency response organizations think about themselves and interact with one another following a major event. Society is becoming increasingly complex, as are the problems that society will need to address. While there has been and continues to be much emphasis in emergency response on the need for better coordination of response and recovery efforts, depending on the severity of an event, it may be that other types of multi-organizational partnerships, besides coordination, are needed or will aid in response efforts. There are three fundamental questions that need to be answered following an event: What needs to be done? Who should do what? How best to do it? As events increase in magnitude – moving from incidents, to routine emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes – so does the complexity of response and recovery needs and efforts, which makes it increasingly difficult to derive the necessary answers. Major events can have unusual and complicated impacts, which are often beyond the problem-solving and management boundaries of individual organizations. It may be as well that organizations will not already exist to address certain impacts following a disaster or catastrophic event. Deciding how best to respond to an event in all of its facets will necessitate that organizational responders work more closely together they than may currently do by engaging in cooperative or collaborative partnerships. How]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper posits a need for a paradigmatic shift in thinking about how emergency response organizations think about themselves and interact with one another following a major event. Society is becoming increasingly complex, as are the problems that society will need to address. While there has been and continues to be much emphasis in emergency response on the need for better coordination of response and recovery efforts, depending on the severity of an event, it may be that other types of multi-organizational partnerships, besides coordination, are needed or will aid in response efforts. There are three fundamental questions that need to be answered following an event: What needs to be done? Who should do what? How best to do it? As events increase in magnitude – moving from incidents, to routine emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes – so does the complexity of response and recovery needs and efforts, which makes it increasingly difficult to derive the necessary answers. Major events can have unusual and complicated impacts, which are often beyond the problem-solving and management boundaries of individual organizations. It may be as well that organizations will not already exist to address certain impacts following a disaster or catastrophic event. Deciding how best to respond to an event in all of its facets will necessitate that organizational responders work more closely together they than may currently do by engaging in cooperative or collaborative partnerships. How]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper posits a need for a paradigmatic shift in thinking about how emergency response organizations think about themselves and interact with one another following a major event. Society is becoming increasingly complex, as are the problems that society will need to address. While there has been and continues to be much emphasis in emergency response on the need for better coordination of response and recovery efforts, depending on the severity of an event, it may be that other types of multi-organizational partnerships, besides coordination, are needed or will aid in response efforts. There are three fundamental questions that need to be answered following an event: What needs to be done? Who should do what? How best to do it? As events increase in magnitude – moving from incidents, to routine emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes – so does the complexity of response and recovery needs and efforts, which makes it increasingly difficult to derive the necessary answers. Major events can have unusual and complicated impacts, which are often beyond the problem-solving and management boundaries of individual organizations. It may be as well that organizations will not already exist to address certain impacts following a disaster or catastrophic event. Deciding how best to respond to an event in all of its facets will necessitate that organizational responders work more closely together they than may currently do by engaging in cooperative or collaborative partnerships. How]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS TM 2009-01]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sean Norton]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Emergency response; Multi-agency Coordination; Collaborator; Complex Adaptive Sy]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090505_0858.Toronto_CR_2009_072.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Indicators, Predictors, and Determinants of Conflict Escalation and De-escalation ; A Review of the Psychological Literature ;]]> <![CDATA[(Indicateurs, prédicateurs et déterminants de l’escalade et de l’atténuation des conflits : Revue de la littérature psychologique)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Indicators, Predictors, and Determinants of Conflict Escalation and De-escalation ; A Review of the Psychological Literature ;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090505_0858.Toronto_CR_2009_072.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper reviews psychological theories and quantitative research aimed at the explanation and prediction of decision-making by national and sub-national leaders. Inferences of the strategic intentions of leaders are based on the “assessment at a distance” of both their stable and changing cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes. The review evaluates profiling approaches, which develop a portrait of the subject’s personality as the source of strategic predispositions, and dynamic approaches, which measure selected psychological variables activated in particular situations at specific times. Both approaches identify psychological factors correlated with tendencies toward competitive vs. cooperative behaviour in conflict situations; the dynamic approach in particular can be used to monitor real-time changes that forecast the direction of the leader’s decision-making. The outbreak of war, including surprise attacks, is reliably associated with reduced complexity in the structure of information processing, increased power motivation as compared to affiliation motivation, and the leader’s self-perceived ability to successfully affect large-scale events. Recent research has begun to apply these approaches to the study of terrorism. The review evaluates the methodological problems of each approach and makes suggestions as to ways of improving the clarity, precision, and predictive power of these methods.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper reviews psychological theories and quantitative research aimed at the explanation and prediction of decision-making by national and sub-national leaders. Inferences of the strategic intentions of leaders are based on the “assessment at a distance” of both their stable and changing cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes. The review evaluates profiling approaches, which develop a portrait of the subject’s personality as the source of strategic predispositions, and dynamic approaches, which measure selected psychological variables activated in particular situations at specific times. Both approaches identify psychological factors correlated with tendencies toward competitive vs. cooperative behaviour in conflict situations; the dynamic approach in particular can be used to monitor real-time changes that forecast the direction of the leader’s decision-making. The outbreak of war, including surprise attacks, is reliably associated with reduced complexity in the structure of information processing, increased power motivation as compared to affiliation motivation, and the leader’s self-perceived ability to successfully affect large-scale events. Recent research has begun to apply these approaches to the study of terrorism. The review evaluates the methodological problems of each approach and makes suggestions as to ways of improving the clarity, precision, and predictive power of these methods.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper reviews psychological theories and quantitative research aimed at the explanation and prediction of decision-making by national and sub-national leaders. Inferences of the strategic intentions of leaders are based on the “assessment at a distance” of both their stable and changing cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes. The review evaluates profiling approaches, which develop a portrait of the subject’s personality as the source of strategic predispositions, and dynamic approaches, which measure selected psychological variables activated in particular situations at specific times. Both approaches identify psychological factors correlated with tendencies toward competitive vs. cooperative behaviour in conflict situations; the dynamic approach in particular can be used to monitor real-time changes that forecast the direction of the leader’s decision-making. The outbreak of war, including surprise attacks, is reliably associated with reduced complexity in the structure of information processing, increased power motivation as compared to affiliation motivation, and the leader’s self-perceived ability to successfully affect large-scale events. Recent research has begun to apply these approaches to the study of terrorism. The review evaluates the methodological problems of each approach and makes suggestions as to ways of improving the clarity, precision, and predictive power of these methods.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-072]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Peter Suedfeld; Ryan W. Cross; Michael Stewart;]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Adversarial intent; Forecasting; Indicators; Conflict; Leaders; Psychology; ; ;]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090429_0927.Toronto_TR_2009_008.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Training Study of the Hercules Observer Trainer]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A Training Study of the Hercules Observer Trainer]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090429_0927.Toronto_TR_2009_008.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Canadian Forces (CF) operates aircraft in theatres where they are threatened by missiles and gunfire. Timely, coherent and accurate reporting of the threats is vital to defeating them. A training device called the Hercules Observer Trainer (HOT) was developed to support the training of surface-to-air threat reporting. To validate the simulation and determine its training effectiveness, an experiment employing 16 CF air crewmembers was conducted at CFB Trenton. Half of the experimental subjects were qualified tactical aircrew and were deemed experts at making threat calls. The other half consisted of students on a CC-130 Basic Loadmaster course who had not yet qualified as loadmasters on the CC-130 and were deemed novices. Both groups of subjects completed two sessions of making threat calls against 26 surface to air missile and 24 anti-aircraft artillery threats. In the first session, experts made more accurate and more syntactically correct threat calls than novices. By the end of the second session, both groups showed improved accuracy and syntax over their earlier levels of performance, and the performance of the novices was equivalent to that of the experts. It is concluded that the HOT is a valid simulation of the threat call task, that students can use the HOT to learn the task, and that the training is transferrable to the operational environment. It is recommended that HOT be considered for operational training in the CC-130 community. It is further recommended th]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Canadian Forces (CF) operates aircraft in theatres where they are threatened by missiles and gunfire. Timely, coherent and accurate reporting of the threats is vital to defeating them. A training device called the Hercules Observer Trainer (HOT) was developed to support the training of surface-to-air threat reporting. To validate the simulation and determine its training effectiveness, an experiment employing 16 CF air crewmembers was conducted at CFB Trenton. Half of the experimental subjects were qualified tactical aircrew and were deemed experts at making threat calls. The other half consisted of students on a CC-130 Basic Loadmaster course who had not yet qualified as loadmasters on the CC-130 and were deemed novices. Both groups of subjects completed two sessions of making threat calls against 26 surface to air missile and 24 anti-aircraft artillery threats. In the first session, experts made more accurate and more syntactically correct threat calls than novices. By the end of the second session, both groups showed improved accuracy and syntax over their earlier levels of performance, and the performance of the novices was equivalent to that of the experts. It is concluded that the HOT is a valid simulation of the threat call task, that students can use the HOT to learn the task, and that the training is transferrable to the operational environment. It is recommended that HOT be considered for operational training in the CC-130 community. It is further recommended th]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Canadian Forces (CF) operates aircraft in theatres where they are threatened by missiles and gunfire. Timely, coherent and accurate reporting of the threats is vital to defeating them. A training device called the Hercules Observer Trainer (HOT) was developed to support the training of surface-to-air threat reporting. To validate the simulation and determine its training effectiveness, an experiment employing 16 CF air crewmembers was conducted at CFB Trenton. Half of the experimental subjects were qualified tactical aircrew and were deemed experts at making threat calls. The other half consisted of students on a CC-130 Basic Loadmaster course who had not yet qualified as loadmasters on the CC-130 and were deemed novices. Both groups of subjects completed two sessions of making threat calls against 26 surface to air missile and 24 anti-aircraft artillery threats. In the first session, experts made more accurate and more syntactically correct threat calls than novices. By the end of the second session, both groups showed improved accuracy and syntax over their earlier levels of performance, and the performance of the novices was equivalent to that of the experts. It is concluded that the HOT is a valid simulation of the threat call task, that students can use the HOT to learn the task, and that the training is transferrable to the operational environment. It is recommended that HOT be considered for operational training in the CC-130 community. It is further recommended th]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2009-008]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Stuart C. Grant]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Hercules Observer Trainer (HOT); training; threat calls; Canadian Forces; CC-130]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hally.081117_1442.TM 2008-262.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Grid dependence of RANS codes for flows past propeller blade sections]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Grid dependence of RANS codes for flows past propeller blade sections]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hally.081117_1442.TM 2008-262.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The grid sensitivity of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS); solvers ANSYS CFX (ANSYS, Inc.) and TRANSOM (DRDC Atlantic) has been; tested for two-dimensional flows around propeller blade sections. ; This is a preliminary step before developing grids for the solution ; of flows around cavitating propellers. The sensitivity of the pressure ; and skin friction distributions near the leading edge were tested for ; variations in near wall node spacing, the node density near the leading ; edge, and the overall size of the grid.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The grid sensitivity of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS); solvers ANSYS CFX (ANSYS, Inc.) and TRANSOM (DRDC Atlantic) has been; tested for two-dimensional flows around propeller blade sections. ; This is a preliminary step before developing grids for the solution ; of flows around cavitating propellers. The sensitivity of the pressure ; and skin friction distributions near the leading edge were tested for ; variations in near wall node spacing, the node density near the leading ; edge, and the overall size of the grid.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The grid sensitivity of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS); solvers ANSYS CFX (ANSYS, Inc.) and TRANSOM (DRDC Atlantic) has been; tested for two-dimensional flows around propeller blade sections. ; This is a preliminary step before developing grids for the solution ; of flows around cavitating propellers. The sensitivity of the pressure ; and skin friction distributions near the leading edge were tested for ; variations in near wall node spacing, the node density near the leading ; edge, and the overall size of the grid.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[2008-262]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David Hally]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Propellers; Airfoils; Fluid flow; SST turbulence model; Spalart-Allmaras turbule]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080415_1438.Toronto_SL_2008_063.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Reference Frame Congruency in Search-and-Rescue Tasks]]> <![CDATA[(Congruence des cadres de référence dans les tâches de recherche et sauvetage)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Reference Frame Congruency in Search-and-Rescue Tasks]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080415_1438.Toronto_SL_2008_063.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate how the congruency between visual displays and auditory cues affects performance on various spatial tasks. Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that spatial auditory cues can enhance performance and decrease workload when combined with visual displays. However, this facilitation was achieved only when auditory cues shared a common reference frame (RF) with the visual display. In complex and dynamic environments, such as airborne search-and-rescue (SAR), it is often difficult to ensure such congruency. Method: In a simulated SAR operation, participants performed three spatial tasks: target search, target localization and target recall. The interface consisted of the camera view of the terrain from the aircraft-mounted sensor, a map of the area flown over, a joystick that controlled the sensor, and a mouse. Auditory cues were used to indicate target location. While flying in the scenario, participants searched for targets, identified their locations in one of the two coordinate systems, and memorized their location relative to the terrain layout. Results: Congruent cues produced the fastest and most accurate performance. Performance advantages were observed even with incongruent relative to neutral cues, and egocentric cues were more effective than exocentric cues. Conclusion: Although the congruent cues are most effective, in cases where the same cue is used across spatial tasks, egocentric cues are a better choi]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate how the congruency between visual displays and auditory cues affects performance on various spatial tasks. Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that spatial auditory cues can enhance performance and decrease workload when combined with visual displays. However, this facilitation was achieved only when auditory cues shared a common reference frame (RF) with the visual display. In complex and dynamic environments, such as airborne search-and-rescue (SAR), it is often difficult to ensure such congruency. Method: In a simulated SAR operation, participants performed three spatial tasks: target search, target localization and target recall. The interface consisted of the camera view of the terrain from the aircraft-mounted sensor, a map of the area flown over, a joystick that controlled the sensor, and a mouse. Auditory cues were used to indicate target location. While flying in the scenario, participants searched for targets, identified their locations in one of the two coordinate systems, and memorized their location relative to the terrain layout. Results: Congruent cues produced the fastest and most accurate performance. Performance advantages were observed even with incongruent relative to neutral cues, and egocentric cues were more effective than exocentric cues. Conclusion: Although the congruent cues are most effective, in cases where the same cue is used across spatial tasks, egocentric cues are a better choi]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate how the congruency between visual displays and auditory cues affects performance on various spatial tasks. Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that spatial auditory cues can enhance performance and decrease workload when combined with visual displays. However, this facilitation was achieved only when auditory cues shared a common reference frame (RF) with the visual display. In complex and dynamic environments, such as airborne search-and-rescue (SAR), it is often difficult to ensure such congruency. Method: In a simulated SAR operation, participants performed three spatial tasks: target search, target localization and target recall. The interface consisted of the camera view of the terrain from the aircraft-mounted sensor, a map of the area flown over, a joystick that controlled the sensor, and a mouse. Auditory cues were used to indicate target location. While flying in the scenario, participants searched for targets, identified their locations in one of the two coordinate systems, and memorized their location relative to the terrain layout. Results: Congruent cues produced the fastest and most accurate performance. Performance advantages were observed even with incongruent relative to neutral cues, and egocentric cues were more effective than exocentric cues. Conclusion: Although the congruent cues are most effective, in cases where the same cue is used across spatial tasks, egocentric cues are a better choi]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2008-063]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Nada J. Pavlovic, Jocelyn Keillor, Justin G. Hollands, Mark H. Chignell]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[reference frame, congruency, spatial auditory cues]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sgrant.080514_1521.Toronto_SL_2008_088.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Assessment and Prediction of Effectiveness of Virtual Environments: Lessons learned from Small Arms Simulation]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Assessment and Prediction of Effectiveness of Virtual Environments: Lessons learned from Small Arms Simulation]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sgrant.080514_1521.Toronto_SL_2008_088.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The operational environment facing western militaries continues to increase in complexity. Greater likelihood of close quarters battle, more difficult friend-versus-foe discriminations, and wider presence of non-combatants on the battlefield increase marksmanship performance demands. Training, and training technologies, are one avenue for meeting the challenge. This chapter reviews the ways marksmanship simulators are evaluated, the results of evaluations on specific types of simulators, and looks the design process.; In evaluating a simulator for marksmanship training, the transfer of training to live-fire performance is the principal criterion. Performance against existing military marksmanship standards is a valuable measure, but additional measures that make use of continuous metrics that are not confounded by factors unrelated to marksmanship can provide greater analytic power for the evaluation.; Numerous studies attempting to predict live fire performance from performance in the simulator have found that the relationship between the two is present but weak. At the same time, performance on live fire tests following simulator training shows benefit of the simulator, but the effect is weak. This weak relationship appears to be due to the shortcomings in the training devices and the high degree of variability in marksmanship exhibited by trainees following live or simulated fire.; Simulator design is likely sub-optimal. The extensive use of subject matter experts in the d]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The operational environment facing western militaries continues to increase in complexity. Greater likelihood of close quarters battle, more difficult friend-versus-foe discriminations, and wider presence of non-combatants on the battlefield increase marksmanship performance demands. Training, and training technologies, are one avenue for meeting the challenge. This chapter reviews the ways marksmanship simulators are evaluated, the results of evaluations on specific types of simulators, and looks the design process.; In evaluating a simulator for marksmanship training, the transfer of training to live-fire performance is the principal criterion. Performance against existing military marksmanship standards is a valuable measure, but additional measures that make use of continuous metrics that are not confounded by factors unrelated to marksmanship can provide greater analytic power for the evaluation.; Numerous studies attempting to predict live fire performance from performance in the simulator have found that the relationship between the two is present but weak. At the same time, performance on live fire tests following simulator training shows benefit of the simulator, but the effect is weak. This weak relationship appears to be due to the shortcomings in the training devices and the high degree of variability in marksmanship exhibited by trainees following live or simulated fire.; Simulator design is likely sub-optimal. The extensive use of subject matter experts in the d]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The operational environment facing western militaries continues to increase in complexity. Greater likelihood of close quarters battle, more difficult friend-versus-foe discriminations, and wider presence of non-combatants on the battlefield increase marksmanship performance demands. Training, and training technologies, are one avenue for meeting the challenge. This chapter reviews the ways marksmanship simulators are evaluated, the results of evaluations on specific types of simulators, and looks the design process.; In evaluating a simulator for marksmanship training, the transfer of training to live-fire performance is the principal criterion. Performance against existing military marksmanship standards is a valuable measure, but additional measures that make use of continuous metrics that are not confounded by factors unrelated to marksmanship can provide greater analytic power for the evaluation.; Numerous studies attempting to predict live fire performance from performance in the simulator have found that the relationship between the two is present but weak. At the same time, performance on live fire tests following simulator training shows benefit of the simulator, but the effect is weak. This weak relationship appears to be due to the shortcomings in the training devices and the high degree of variability in marksmanship exhibited by trainees following live or simulated fire.; Simulator design is likely sub-optimal. The extensive use of subject matter experts in the d]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2008-088]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Stuart C. Grant;; George Galanis]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[simulation; marksmanship; simulators; training]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mhou.041208_1352.Toronto_SL_2009_013.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Comparative Evaluation of Display Technologies for Collaborative Design; Review]]> <![CDATA[(Évaluation comparative de technologies d’affichage dans le cadre d’un examen concerté de la conception)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Comparative Evaluation of Display Technologies for Collaborative Design; Review]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mhou.041208_1352.Toronto_SL_2009_013.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The effectiveness of five display technologies for supporting a collaborative workspace design review was compared. Participants searched for design flaws in a model of the front dashboard of a vehicle including an in-vehicle navigation system. The display types were: 2D CRT, 3D CRT, 3D via Curved plasma display, large DataWall display, and a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). Detection accuracy, time, and usability measures were obtained. The results indicated that detection accuracy was higher for 3D CRT and Curved displays than the 2D display or more immersive DataWall and CAVE displays. Additionally, a speed-accuracy trade-off was observed such that detection time was longer for 3D CRT and Curved displays than for 2D, or the more immersive displays. Subjective measures revealed that participants’ comfort and confidence level was lower with the 2D displays than the 3D displays. Lack of sufficient training time is likely to have affected detection accuracy with the more immersive 3D displays. Overall, the use of the 3D CAD model on a standard CRT or a Curved display was most cost-effective for collaborative design review.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The effectiveness of five display technologies for supporting a collaborative workspace design review was compared. Participants searched for design flaws in a model of the front dashboard of a vehicle including an in-vehicle navigation system. The display types were: 2D CRT, 3D CRT, 3D via Curved plasma display, large DataWall display, and a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). Detection accuracy, time, and usability measures were obtained. The results indicated that detection accuracy was higher for 3D CRT and Curved displays than the 2D display or more immersive DataWall and CAVE displays. Additionally, a speed-accuracy trade-off was observed such that detection time was longer for 3D CRT and Curved displays than for 2D, or the more immersive displays. Subjective measures revealed that participants’ comfort and confidence level was lower with the 2D displays than the 3D displays. Lack of sufficient training time is likely to have affected detection accuracy with the more immersive 3D displays. Overall, the use of the 3D CAD model on a standard CRT or a Curved display was most cost-effective for collaborative design review.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The effectiveness of five display technologies for supporting a collaborative workspace design review was compared. Participants searched for design flaws in a model of the front dashboard of a vehicle including an in-vehicle navigation system. The display types were: 2D CRT, 3D CRT, 3D via Curved plasma display, large DataWall display, and a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). Detection accuracy, time, and usability measures were obtained. The results indicated that detection accuracy was higher for 3D CRT and Curved displays than the 2D display or more immersive DataWall and CAVE displays. Additionally, a speed-accuracy trade-off was observed such that detection time was longer for 3D CRT and Curved displays than for 2D, or the more immersive displays. Subjective measures revealed that participants’ comfort and confidence level was lower with the 2D displays than the 3D displays. Lack of sufficient training time is likely to have affected detection accuracy with the more immersive 3D displays. Overall, the use of the 3D CAD model on a standard CRT or a Curved display was most cost-effective for collaborative design review.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2009-013]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Ming Hou, Justin G. Holland, Andrea Scipione, Lochlan Magee, Mike Greenley]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[display technology; collaborative design review; 2D display; 3D display; CAVE; p]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/bcain.090220_0632.Toronto_SL_2009_027.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[An example of validating models of continuous processes]]> <![CDATA[(Exemple de validation de modèles de processus continus)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[An example of validating models of continuous processes]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/bcain.090220_0632.Toronto_SL_2009_027.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Validation of models for human behaviour and performance has long been acknowledged as an essential element in the modelling process, but one that is typically conducted poorly if at all. While there may be many reasons that modellers do not validate models, one possibility is that there isn’t a formal methodology to provide guidance. This paper will explore a few techniques that may be applied to evaluating models of continuous processes, using the thermal physiological responses of healthy people working in adverse conditions as a demonstration of analyses that could be done. Having done this assessment, we then address the issue of the validity of this model.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Validation of models for human behaviour and performance has long been acknowledged as an essential element in the modelling process, but one that is typically conducted poorly if at all. While there may be many reasons that modellers do not validate models, one possibility is that there isn’t a formal methodology to provide guidance. This paper will explore a few techniques that may be applied to evaluating models of continuous processes, using the thermal physiological responses of healthy people working in adverse conditions as a demonstration of analyses that could be done. Having done this assessment, we then address the issue of the validity of this model.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Validation of models for human behaviour and performance has long been acknowledged as an essential element in the modelling process, but one that is typically conducted poorly if at all. While there may be many reasons that modellers do not validate models, one possibility is that there isn’t a formal methodology to provide guidance. This paper will explore a few techniques that may be applied to evaluating models of continuous processes, using the thermal physiological responses of healthy people working in adverse conditions as a demonstration of analyses that could be done. Having done this assessment, we then address the issue of the validity of this model.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2009-027]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Belyavin,A.J.; Cain,B.]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[model;validation;ANOVA;Goodness of fit;thermal physiology]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/smcfadden.090331_1310.Toronto_CR_2009_042.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A non-intrusive alert system for maritime anomalies: literature review and the development and assessment of interface design concepts]]> <![CDATA[(Système d’alerte non intrusive en cas d’anomalies maritimes : examen de la documentation et élaboration/évaluation de concepts d’interface)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A non-intrusive alert system for maritime anomalies: literature review and the development and assessment of interface design concepts]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/smcfadden.090331_1310.Toronto_CR_2009_042.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project involves the investigation of best practices for the development of design concepts for a visualization aid, specifically an alerting system, which would increase the RMP operators’ awareness and understanding of maritime anomalies in the RMP (e.g. vessel not heading to port, grab and dash fishing, etc.). Such an alerting system, however, must make operators aware of anomalies that may be present without impacting on the performance of their primary tasks. ; The objectives of this project were (i) to identify and analyse available literature relevant to non-intrusive alert systems, (ii) develop design concepts for a non-intrusive alerting interface to be used in GCCS-M and (iii) obtain feedback from Navy Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) on the suitability of the design options. ; The results of the literature review suggest that there is a lack of a unified design approach and associated recommendations for non-intrusive alerting contexts. Furthermore, there was no single paper that definitively addressed the issue of how to design a non-intrusive alerting system. However, we were able to extract relevant concepts from the literature relating to alert/alarm design in general. These concepts, combined with general human factors principles, provided direction for a number of design concepts which were then reviewed and evaluated by subject matter experts. ; Future design efforts should work toward developing an alert system interface design in accordance with the desi]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project involves the investigation of best practices for the development of design concepts for a visualization aid, specifically an alerting system, which would increase the RMP operators’ awareness and understanding of maritime anomalies in the RMP (e.g. vessel not heading to port, grab and dash fishing, etc.). Such an alerting system, however, must make operators aware of anomalies that may be present without impacting on the performance of their primary tasks. ; The objectives of this project were (i) to identify and analyse available literature relevant to non-intrusive alert systems, (ii) develop design concepts for a non-intrusive alerting interface to be used in GCCS-M and (iii) obtain feedback from Navy Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) on the suitability of the design options. ; The results of the literature review suggest that there is a lack of a unified design approach and associated recommendations for non-intrusive alerting contexts. Furthermore, there was no single paper that definitively addressed the issue of how to design a non-intrusive alerting system. However, we were able to extract relevant concepts from the literature relating to alert/alarm design in general. These concepts, combined with general human factors principles, provided direction for a number of design concepts which were then reviewed and evaluated by subject matter experts. ; Future design efforts should work toward developing an alert system interface design in accordance with the desi]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project involves the investigation of best practices for the development of design concepts for a visualization aid, specifically an alerting system, which would increase the RMP operators’ awareness and understanding of maritime anomalies in the RMP (e.g. vessel not heading to port, grab and dash fishing, etc.). Such an alerting system, however, must make operators aware of anomalies that may be present without impacting on the performance of their primary tasks. ; The objectives of this project were (i) to identify and analyse available literature relevant to non-intrusive alert systems, (ii) develop design concepts for a non-intrusive alerting interface to be used in GCCS-M and (iii) obtain feedback from Navy Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) on the suitability of the design options. ; The results of the literature review suggest that there is a lack of a unified design approach and associated recommendations for non-intrusive alerting contexts. Furthermore, there was no single paper that definitively addressed the issue of how to design a non-intrusive alerting system. However, we were able to extract relevant concepts from the literature relating to alert/alarm design in general. These concepts, combined with general human factors principles, provided direction for a number of design concepts which were then reviewed and evaluated by subject matter experts. ; Future design efforts should work toward developing an alert system interface design in accordance with the desi]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-042]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Michael Matthews; Lora Bruyn Martin; Courtney D. Tario; Andrea L. Brown]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[anomalies; visualization; alerts; non-intrusive; recognized maritime picture]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/839241.090622_1141.toronto_CR_2009_075.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[MILITARY INDIVIDUAL READINESS]]> <![CDATA[(ÉTAT DE PRÉPARATION MILITAIRE DE L’INDIVIDU)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[MILITARY INDIVIDUAL READINESS]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/839241.090622_1141.toronto_CR_2009_075.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Individual Readiness section at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto is initiating a program of research investigating military individual readiness of Canadian Forces (CF) personnel. This literature review was conducted to provide a broad understanding of the various elements of individual readiness and factors that influence readiness. This review begins with definitions of individual readiness. Current models and measures of individual readiness were also considered. The review then identified and described antecedents of individual readiness, including the CF organization, skill training, and personnel support programs. This ensured individual readiness would be considered from the organizational level as well as the individual level. Following this, the factors influencing individual readiness were examined with particular connection to the impact on performance. A draft model of military individual readiness is presented. Individual readiness dimensions include organizational citizenship behaviour, commitment, identification (with the CF), job satisfaction, perceived organizational support, technical competence, self-efficacy, coping skills, physical fitness, family adaptation, and work-life balance. The literature concludes with a discussion articulating a possible research program to explore military individual readiness.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Individual Readiness section at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto is initiating a program of research investigating military individual readiness of Canadian Forces (CF) personnel. This literature review was conducted to provide a broad understanding of the various elements of individual readiness and factors that influence readiness. This review begins with definitions of individual readiness. Current models and measures of individual readiness were also considered. The review then identified and described antecedents of individual readiness, including the CF organization, skill training, and personnel support programs. This ensured individual readiness would be considered from the organizational level as well as the individual level. Following this, the factors influencing individual readiness were examined with particular connection to the impact on performance. A draft model of military individual readiness is presented. Individual readiness dimensions include organizational citizenship behaviour, commitment, identification (with the CF), job satisfaction, perceived organizational support, technical competence, self-efficacy, coping skills, physical fitness, family adaptation, and work-life balance. The literature concludes with a discussion articulating a possible research program to explore military individual readiness.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Individual Readiness section at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto is initiating a program of research investigating military individual readiness of Canadian Forces (CF) personnel. This literature review was conducted to provide a broad understanding of the various elements of individual readiness and factors that influence readiness. This review begins with definitions of individual readiness. Current models and measures of individual readiness were also considered. The review then identified and described antecedents of individual readiness, including the CF organization, skill training, and personnel support programs. This ensured individual readiness would be considered from the organizational level as well as the individual level. Following this, the factors influencing individual readiness were examined with particular connection to the impact on performance. A draft model of military individual readiness is presented. Individual readiness dimensions include organizational citizenship behaviour, commitment, identification (with the CF), job satisfaction, perceived organizational support, technical competence, self-efficacy, coping skills, physical fitness, family adaptation, and work-life balance. The literature concludes with a discussion articulating a possible research program to explore military individual readiness.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-075]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Barbara D. Adams,; Courtney D.T. Hall,; Michael H. Thomson,]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[individual readiness; Canadian Forces; definitions; models; measures; organizati]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/smcfadden.090402_1500.Toronto_CR_2009 _041.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[INCOMMANDS TDP: Human Factors Evaluation of the Command Decision Support Capability Prototype]]> <![CDATA[(PDT INCOMMANDS : Évaluation des facteurs humains dans le cadre du prototype de capacité d'aide aux décisions de commandement)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[INCOMMANDS TDP: Human Factors Evaluation of the Command Decision Support Capability Prototype]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/smcfadden.090402_1500.Toronto_CR_2009 _041.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Innovative Naval COMbat MANagement Decision Support (INCOMMANDS) Technology Demonstration Project (TDP) attempts to improve the performance of Threat Evaluation (TE) and Combat Power Management (CPM) functions in response to multiple threats and impediments introduced by the littoral environment. Specifically, the purpose of the INCOMMANDS TDP is to develop and demonstrate advanced Above Water Warfare (AWW) command decision support concepts for the command team of the Halifax Class Frigate in order to improve the overall TE and CPM decision-making effectiveness. This report presents preliminary validation results stemming from a Heuristic Evaluation by a Human Factors analyst and Usability and Utility Testing with Naval operators of the INCOMMANDS Command Decision Support Capability (CDSC) prototype. The results of the usability and utility evaluation suggest that the concepts presented in the INCOMMANDS CDSC would improve task performance, increase situation awareness, and decrease operator workload. Further analysis and evaluation efforts are required to substantiate this finding.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Innovative Naval COMbat MANagement Decision Support (INCOMMANDS) Technology Demonstration Project (TDP) attempts to improve the performance of Threat Evaluation (TE) and Combat Power Management (CPM) functions in response to multiple threats and impediments introduced by the littoral environment. Specifically, the purpose of the INCOMMANDS TDP is to develop and demonstrate advanced Above Water Warfare (AWW) command decision support concepts for the command team of the Halifax Class Frigate in order to improve the overall TE and CPM decision-making effectiveness. This report presents preliminary validation results stemming from a Heuristic Evaluation by a Human Factors analyst and Usability and Utility Testing with Naval operators of the INCOMMANDS Command Decision Support Capability (CDSC) prototype. The results of the usability and utility evaluation suggest that the concepts presented in the INCOMMANDS CDSC would improve task performance, increase situation awareness, and decrease operator workload. Further analysis and evaluation efforts are required to substantiate this finding.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Innovative Naval COMbat MANagement Decision Support (INCOMMANDS) Technology Demonstration Project (TDP) attempts to improve the performance of Threat Evaluation (TE) and Combat Power Management (CPM) functions in response to multiple threats and impediments introduced by the littoral environment. Specifically, the purpose of the INCOMMANDS TDP is to develop and demonstrate advanced Above Water Warfare (AWW) command decision support concepts for the command team of the Halifax Class Frigate in order to improve the overall TE and CPM decision-making effectiveness. This report presents preliminary validation results stemming from a Heuristic Evaluation by a Human Factors analyst and Usability and Utility Testing with Naval operators of the INCOMMANDS Command Decision Support Capability (CDSC) prototype. The results of the usability and utility evaluation suggest that the concepts presented in the INCOMMANDS CDSC would improve task performance, increase situation awareness, and decrease operator workload. Further analysis and evaluation efforts are required to substantiate this finding.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-041]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Kevin Baker; Lisa Hagen]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[INCOMMANDS TDP, Threat Evaluation and Combat Power Management, decision support,]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.081127_1521.Toronto_TM_2008_211.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Hierarchical Goal Analysis of Dynamic Decision Making in Microworld Experiments]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Hierarchical Goal Analysis of Dynamic Decision Making in Microworld Experiments]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.081127_1521.Toronto_TM_2008_211.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Recent developments in microworld-based experiments provide researchers with an opportunity to conduct complex and dynamic experiments in laboratory-controlled environments, thus narrowing the gap between laboratory-based and field experiments. The performance assessment in a dynamic decision making environment, however, requires new methods for evaluation and analysis of data and cognitive systems. This memorandum discusses the application of Hierarchical Goal Analysis (HGA) to evaluate cognitive systems in a distributed team environment.; The process of conducting HGA involves the following steps: a) derivation of goal hierarchy, b) assignment of goals to subjects, c) identification of controlled variables, and d) completion of templates that specify goal attributes. The HGA-derived controlled variables provide additional measurements of performance that are closely related to subjects’ decisions. We conducted upward information flow and stability analyses to evaluate the system that the subjects were functioning in. The analyses helped to identify a number of situations that might impede subjects’ performance during task execution.; Finally, this memorandum discusses the potential benefits of applying HGA in the context of distributed and dynamic simulations and proposes future work to use the HGA outputs as the basis for the development of a computational model for predicting subject performance under specific task conditions. ;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Recent developments in microworld-based experiments provide researchers with an opportunity to conduct complex and dynamic experiments in laboratory-controlled environments, thus narrowing the gap between laboratory-based and field experiments. The performance assessment in a dynamic decision making environment, however, requires new methods for evaluation and analysis of data and cognitive systems. This memorandum discusses the application of Hierarchical Goal Analysis (HGA) to evaluate cognitive systems in a distributed team environment.; The process of conducting HGA involves the following steps: a) derivation of goal hierarchy, b) assignment of goals to subjects, c) identification of controlled variables, and d) completion of templates that specify goal attributes. The HGA-derived controlled variables provide additional measurements of performance that are closely related to subjects’ decisions. We conducted upward information flow and stability analyses to evaluate the system that the subjects were functioning in. The analyses helped to identify a number of situations that might impede subjects’ performance during task execution.; Finally, this memorandum discusses the potential benefits of applying HGA in the context of distributed and dynamic simulations and proposes future work to use the HGA outputs as the basis for the development of a computational model for predicting subject performance under specific task conditions. ;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Recent developments in microworld-based experiments provide researchers with an opportunity to conduct complex and dynamic experiments in laboratory-controlled environments, thus narrowing the gap between laboratory-based and field experiments. The performance assessment in a dynamic decision making environment, however, requires new methods for evaluation and analysis of data and cognitive systems. This memorandum discusses the application of Hierarchical Goal Analysis (HGA) to evaluate cognitive systems in a distributed team environment.; The process of conducting HGA involves the following steps: a) derivation of goal hierarchy, b) assignment of goals to subjects, c) identification of controlled variables, and d) completion of templates that specify goal attributes. The HGA-derived controlled variables provide additional measurements of performance that are closely related to subjects’ decisions. We conducted upward information flow and stability analyses to evaluate the system that the subjects were functioning in. The analyses helped to identify a number of situations that might impede subjects’ performance during task execution.; Finally, this memorandum discusses the potential benefits of applying HGA in the context of distributed and dynamic simulations and proposes future work to use the HGA outputs as the basis for the development of a computational model for predicting subject performance under specific task conditions. ;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2008-211]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Vladimir Zotov; Renee Chow]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Dynamic Decision Making, Controlled variables, Hierarchical Goal Analysis, Micro]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/rabdalla.090508_0952.Toronto_CR_2009_64.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Development and Evaluation of Soldier Symbology]]> <![CDATA[(DÉVELOPPEMENT ET ÉVALUATION DE LA SYMBOLOGIE DU SOLDAT)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Development and Evaluation of Soldier Symbology]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/rabdalla.090508_0952.Toronto_CR_2009_64.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Future soldier systems are being developed that can display a soldier's geo-location on a portable, wearable digital display but common NATO symbology does not exist for displaying these soldiers on a map. NATO Land Capability Group 1 (LCG 1) has identified a need to develop and validate common symbology for the individual soldier that can be displayed on a wide range of digital display types, to improve the joint interoperability of NATO C4I information systems at the dismounted soldier level. ; National symbology sets were provided by LCG1 for a heuristic analysis based on symbology standards and guidelines in the military domain, and in the areas of human factors and symbol adaptability to digital displays. The review of existing symbol sets, provided by LCG1 indicated that they generally fell short of the ideal. A new symbol concept was developed to better conform to the heuristic framework and a future plan of laboratory and field testing was proposed. ; Suggestions for improving the design and development of soldier system symbology are provided and opportunities afforded by hardware and software capabilities are discussed.;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Future soldier systems are being developed that can display a soldier's geo-location on a portable, wearable digital display but common NATO symbology does not exist for displaying these soldiers on a map. NATO Land Capability Group 1 (LCG 1) has identified a need to develop and validate common symbology for the individual soldier that can be displayed on a wide range of digital display types, to improve the joint interoperability of NATO C4I information systems at the dismounted soldier level. ; National symbology sets were provided by LCG1 for a heuristic analysis based on symbology standards and guidelines in the military domain, and in the areas of human factors and symbol adaptability to digital displays. The review of existing symbol sets, provided by LCG1 indicated that they generally fell short of the ideal. A new symbol concept was developed to better conform to the heuristic framework and a future plan of laboratory and field testing was proposed. ; Suggestions for improving the design and development of soldier system symbology are provided and opportunities afforded by hardware and software capabilities are discussed.;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Future soldier systems are being developed that can display a soldier's geo-location on a portable, wearable digital display but common NATO symbology does not exist for displaying these soldiers on a map. NATO Land Capability Group 1 (LCG 1) has identified a need to develop and validate common symbology for the individual soldier that can be displayed on a wide range of digital display types, to improve the joint interoperability of NATO C4I information systems at the dismounted soldier level. ; National symbology sets were provided by LCG1 for a heuristic analysis based on symbology standards and guidelines in the military domain, and in the areas of human factors and symbol adaptability to digital displays. The review of existing symbol sets, provided by LCG1 indicated that they generally fell short of the ideal. A new symbol concept was developed to better conform to the heuristic framework and a future plan of laboratory and field testing was proposed. ; Suggestions for improving the design and development of soldier system symbology are provided and opportunities afforded by hardware and software capabilities are discussed.;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-064]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David W. Tack, Jeremy Robson, Michael Matthews]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Symbology, soldier systems, NATO symbology]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.090402_1709.Toronto_CR_2009_047.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Joint command decision support 21st century technology demonstration: Human factors style guide]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Joint command decision support 21st century technology demonstration: Human factors style guide]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.090402_1709.Toronto_CR_2009_047.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim of the Joint Command Decision Support for the 21st Century Technology Demonstrator Project (JCDS 21 TDP) is to demonstrate a Joint Net-enabled, Collaborative Environment to achieve Decision Superiority at the strategic and operational levels of command. JCDS 21 applications are intended for short-duration, domestic operations that may require military and civil responders to work together to resolve the impact of natural or man-made incidents. This document is intended to leverage recent background research which identified relevant documentation that could be used as a basis for developing a high-level usability framework for the JCDS 21 TDP Style Guide; this Style Guide contains general guidance for the development of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for use in a Windows-based environment and within a joint Command and Control (C2) environment. ; This work was completed under sub-contract to Fujistu Consulting and with cooperation from Defence Research & Development Canada (Toronto) (DRDC-Toronto) and Prolity.;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim of the Joint Command Decision Support for the 21st Century Technology Demonstrator Project (JCDS 21 TDP) is to demonstrate a Joint Net-enabled, Collaborative Environment to achieve Decision Superiority at the strategic and operational levels of command. JCDS 21 applications are intended for short-duration, domestic operations that may require military and civil responders to work together to resolve the impact of natural or man-made incidents. This document is intended to leverage recent background research which identified relevant documentation that could be used as a basis for developing a high-level usability framework for the JCDS 21 TDP Style Guide; this Style Guide contains general guidance for the development of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for use in a Windows-based environment and within a joint Command and Control (C2) environment. ; This work was completed under sub-contract to Fujistu Consulting and with cooperation from Defence Research & Development Canada (Toronto) (DRDC-Toronto) and Prolity.;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim of the Joint Command Decision Support for the 21st Century Technology Demonstrator Project (JCDS 21 TDP) is to demonstrate a Joint Net-enabled, Collaborative Environment to achieve Decision Superiority at the strategic and operational levels of command. JCDS 21 applications are intended for short-duration, domestic operations that may require military and civil responders to work together to resolve the impact of natural or man-made incidents. This document is intended to leverage recent background research which identified relevant documentation that could be used as a basis for developing a high-level usability framework for the JCDS 21 TDP Style Guide; this Style Guide contains general guidance for the development of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for use in a Windows-based environment and within a joint Command and Control (C2) environment. ; This work was completed under sub-contract to Fujistu Consulting and with cooperation from Defence Research & Development Canada (Toronto) (DRDC-Toronto) and Prolity.;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-047]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[CAE Professional Services]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Joint command, decisioin support, human factor style guide]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mjobidon.090708_1130.toronto_CR_2009_060.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Role of Mental Models in Dynamic Decision-making]]> <![CDATA[(Le rôle des modèles mentaux dans la prise de décision dynamique)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Role of Mental Models in Dynamic Decision-making]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mjobidon.090708_1130.toronto_CR_2009_060.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The complex and dynamic nature of various types of operations pose specific cognitive challenges on the decision-making process that the current training regiment of military commanders does not directly address. Therefore, DRDC Toronto is interested in researching training techniques to prepare Canadian Forces (CF) commanders and staff for decision-making in such complex and dynamic environments (12sk). This report provides a review of relevant DDM literature and mental models literature as it relates to DDM.; DDM consists of (1) decision maker(s) (2) in a complex environment (3) attempting to accomplish one or more tasks. DDM is required in environments with high risk and complexity, and involves the performance of tasks requiring multiple steps, that are inherently time sensitive, interdependent, and which exert influence over the surrounding environment as well as being influenced by it. Dynamic decision-making has been explored from different perspectives, including systems theory, psychology, and control theory from the engineering domain. These perspectives put varying amounts of focus on different aspects of DDM. What is common to all of these approaches are the assumptions that whether forming models of complex systems or making intuitive decisions based on very little information, people tend to form some sort of mental model to undertake DDM. ; At a broad level, mental models can be described as personal mental representations of our world. Although there is no one]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The complex and dynamic nature of various types of operations pose specific cognitive challenges on the decision-making process that the current training regiment of military commanders does not directly address. Therefore, DRDC Toronto is interested in researching training techniques to prepare Canadian Forces (CF) commanders and staff for decision-making in such complex and dynamic environments (12sk). This report provides a review of relevant DDM literature and mental models literature as it relates to DDM.; DDM consists of (1) decision maker(s) (2) in a complex environment (3) attempting to accomplish one or more tasks. DDM is required in environments with high risk and complexity, and involves the performance of tasks requiring multiple steps, that are inherently time sensitive, interdependent, and which exert influence over the surrounding environment as well as being influenced by it. Dynamic decision-making has been explored from different perspectives, including systems theory, psychology, and control theory from the engineering domain. These perspectives put varying amounts of focus on different aspects of DDM. What is common to all of these approaches are the assumptions that whether forming models of complex systems or making intuitive decisions based on very little information, people tend to form some sort of mental model to undertake DDM. ; At a broad level, mental models can be described as personal mental representations of our world. Although there is no one]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The complex and dynamic nature of various types of operations pose specific cognitive challenges on the decision-making process that the current training regiment of military commanders does not directly address. Therefore, DRDC Toronto is interested in researching training techniques to prepare Canadian Forces (CF) commanders and staff for decision-making in such complex and dynamic environments (12sk). This report provides a review of relevant DDM literature and mental models literature as it relates to DDM.; DDM consists of (1) decision maker(s) (2) in a complex environment (3) attempting to accomplish one or more tasks. DDM is required in environments with high risk and complexity, and involves the performance of tasks requiring multiple steps, that are inherently time sensitive, interdependent, and which exert influence over the surrounding environment as well as being influenced by it. Dynamic decision-making has been explored from different perspectives, including systems theory, psychology, and control theory from the engineering domain. These perspectives put varying amounts of focus on different aspects of DDM. What is common to all of these approaches are the assumptions that whether forming models of complex systems or making intuitive decisions based on very little information, people tend to form some sort of mental model to undertake DDM. ; At a broad level, mental models can be described as personal mental representations of our world. Although there is no one]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-060]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Andrea Brown; Cheryl Karthaus; Lisa Rehak; Barb Adams]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[mental models; dynamic decision making; microworlds; system dynamics; cognition;]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hpeng.090312_1308.toronto_CR_2009_014.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Development and Optimization of Hemostatic Peptides for Hemorrhage Control on Battlefields]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Development and Optimization of Hemostatic Peptides for Hemorrhage Control on Battlefields]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hpeng.090312_1308.toronto_CR_2009_014.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The goal of the research contract conducted for the Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto, was to develop a hemostatic biocompatible surface to treat hemorrhagic injuries sustained on the battlefield. During the first year of the contract, a candidate hemostatic amphipathic helical peptide (an ideal amphipathic helical peptide or IAP) was developed (published in Biochemical Journal 412: 545-51 2008) and different biocompatible surfaces were tested (published in Journal of Biomaterials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2008 Sep 5). Once the peptide and biomaterial were identified, the second year was dedicated to testing IAP coupled to different surfaces and we finally settled on IAP coupled to polyethylene glycol and poly(allylamine) (PEG-PAA) for further testing. In vivo work testing this material was carried out on small animals (rabbits) and subsequently on large animals (pigs) during the second and third year. We have data that demonstrates the feasibility of such material to arrest bleeding in vivo by reducing hemorrhage by 40-50%.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The goal of the research contract conducted for the Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto, was to develop a hemostatic biocompatible surface to treat hemorrhagic injuries sustained on the battlefield. During the first year of the contract, a candidate hemostatic amphipathic helical peptide (an ideal amphipathic helical peptide or IAP) was developed (published in Biochemical Journal 412: 545-51 2008) and different biocompatible surfaces were tested (published in Journal of Biomaterials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2008 Sep 5). Once the peptide and biomaterial were identified, the second year was dedicated to testing IAP coupled to different surfaces and we finally settled on IAP coupled to polyethylene glycol and poly(allylamine) (PEG-PAA) for further testing. In vivo work testing this material was carried out on small animals (rabbits) and subsequently on large animals (pigs) during the second and third year. We have data that demonstrates the feasibility of such material to arrest bleeding in vivo by reducing hemorrhage by 40-50%.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The goal of the research contract conducted for the Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto, was to develop a hemostatic biocompatible surface to treat hemorrhagic injuries sustained on the battlefield. During the first year of the contract, a candidate hemostatic amphipathic helical peptide (an ideal amphipathic helical peptide or IAP) was developed (published in Biochemical Journal 412: 545-51 2008) and different biocompatible surfaces were tested (published in Journal of Biomaterials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2008 Sep 5). Once the peptide and biomaterial were identified, the second year was dedicated to testing IAP coupled to different surfaces and we finally settled on IAP coupled to polyethylene glycol and poly(allylamine) (PEG-PAA) for further testing. In vivo work testing this material was carried out on small animals (rabbits) and subsequently on large animals (pigs) during the second and third year. We have data that demonstrates the feasibility of such material to arrest bleeding in vivo by reducing hemorrhage by 40-50%.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-014]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sophi Charbonneau; Mark D. Blostein]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Peptides; Hemorrhage control]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090112_0944.CR 2008-268.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of visual alerts in the maritime domain.; Study 2 - Program Modifications]]> <![CDATA[(Évaluation des alertes visuelles dans le domaine maritime : 2e étude – modifications au programme.)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Evaluation of visual alerts in the maritime domain.; Study 2 - Program Modifications]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090112_0944.CR 2008-268.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Atlantic research program is in progress investigating human performance issues related to the use of automated visual alerts under high workload conditions. Previous research comparing performance of two distinct styles of visual alerts – ‘flashing border’ versus ‘static sidebar’ was completed by CAE Professional Services (CAE PS) for DRDC-Atlantic. CAE PS was then contracted to modify the existing experimental software and assist in the resulting pilot and primary studies (Study 2). Specifically the software was modified to include static and flashing variables for both alert types and to modify the paradigm and software to ensure that participants are visually attending to all three screens. The current report documents the work conducted by CAE PS for Study 2 and includes a review of the experiment procedure, setup, data collection method, and observations made during the pilot and primary studies.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Atlantic research program is in progress investigating human performance issues related to the use of automated visual alerts under high workload conditions. Previous research comparing performance of two distinct styles of visual alerts – ‘flashing border’ versus ‘static sidebar’ was completed by CAE Professional Services (CAE PS) for DRDC-Atlantic. CAE PS was then contracted to modify the existing experimental software and assist in the resulting pilot and primary studies (Study 2). Specifically the software was modified to include static and flashing variables for both alert types and to modify the paradigm and software to ensure that participants are visually attending to all three screens. The current report documents the work conducted by CAE PS for Study 2 and includes a review of the experiment procedure, setup, data collection method, and observations made during the pilot and primary studies.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Atlantic research program is in progress investigating human performance issues related to the use of automated visual alerts under high workload conditions. Previous research comparing performance of two distinct styles of visual alerts – ‘flashing border’ versus ‘static sidebar’ was completed by CAE Professional Services (CAE PS) for DRDC-Atlantic. CAE PS was then contracted to modify the existing experimental software and assist in the resulting pilot and primary studies (Study 2). Specifically the software was modified to include static and flashing variables for both alert types and to modify the paradigm and software to ensure that participants are visually attending to all three screens. The current report documents the work conducted by CAE PS for Study 2 and includes a review of the experiment procedure, setup, data collection method, and observations made during the pilot and primary studies.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-268]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Roberts, S.]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[alerts; alarms; visual; command and control; maritime; interface]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090211_1503.toronto_CR_2009_019.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Technical Memorandum: A Training Evaluation Framework for PSTC MilObs Course;]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Technical Memorandum: A Training Evaluation Framework for PSTC MilObs Course;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090211_1503.toronto_CR_2009_019.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A current Applied Research Project (ARP) of the Collaborative Performance and Learning Section (CPL) at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto explores moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM) in Canadian Forces (CF) operations (16kk, 16re02). A major focus in this program of research has been field studies conducted at the Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) in Kingston. CF personnel preparing to deploy as United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs or Mil Obs) undertake a number of training activities meant to enhance and develop their skills particular to Peace Support Operations (PSO). Over the course of a month long training program, CF personnel receive intensive preparation, using a combination of classroom training and scenario-based training. One such scenario-based exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees attempt to negotiate the lives of civilians who are being verbally and physically abused by two armed police. Our research program to date has examined a number of psychological processes during this scenario, such as aspects of moral intensity (physical proximity of the victim, MEFS I), emotion (MEFS II) and teamwork (MEFS III). The current work provides PSTC instructor requested materials that are drawn from the results of these studies. ; First, we created a set of PowerPoint slides that detail the most critical findings in the three field studies. Second, we generated a list of the]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A current Applied Research Project (ARP) of the Collaborative Performance and Learning Section (CPL) at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto explores moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM) in Canadian Forces (CF) operations (16kk, 16re02). A major focus in this program of research has been field studies conducted at the Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) in Kingston. CF personnel preparing to deploy as United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs or Mil Obs) undertake a number of training activities meant to enhance and develop their skills particular to Peace Support Operations (PSO). Over the course of a month long training program, CF personnel receive intensive preparation, using a combination of classroom training and scenario-based training. One such scenario-based exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees attempt to negotiate the lives of civilians who are being verbally and physically abused by two armed police. Our research program to date has examined a number of psychological processes during this scenario, such as aspects of moral intensity (physical proximity of the victim, MEFS I), emotion (MEFS II) and teamwork (MEFS III). The current work provides PSTC instructor requested materials that are drawn from the results of these studies. ; First, we created a set of PowerPoint slides that detail the most critical findings in the three field studies. Second, we generated a list of the]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A current Applied Research Project (ARP) of the Collaborative Performance and Learning Section (CPL) at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto explores moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM) in Canadian Forces (CF) operations (16kk, 16re02). A major focus in this program of research has been field studies conducted at the Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) in Kingston. CF personnel preparing to deploy as United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs or Mil Obs) undertake a number of training activities meant to enhance and develop their skills particular to Peace Support Operations (PSO). Over the course of a month long training program, CF personnel receive intensive preparation, using a combination of classroom training and scenario-based training. One such scenario-based exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees attempt to negotiate the lives of civilians who are being verbally and physically abused by two armed police. Our research program to date has examined a number of psychological processes during this scenario, such as aspects of moral intensity (physical proximity of the victim, MEFS I), emotion (MEFS II) and teamwork (MEFS III). The current work provides PSTC instructor requested materials that are drawn from the results of these studies. ; First, we created a set of PowerPoint slides that detail the most critical findings in the three field studies. Second, we generated a list of the]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-019]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Michael H. Thomson,; Andrea L. Brown,; Courtney D. Tario,; Barb D. Adams]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[moral and ethical decision-making; Canadian Forces operations]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090305_1401.Toronto_CR_2009_030.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Military Influence Operations: Review of the Consumer Psychology Literature;]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Military Influence Operations: Review of the Consumer Psychology Literature;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090305_1401.Toronto_CR_2009_030.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Following-up on a previous review of mainstream academic and scientific literature, this chapter reviews consumer psychology literature as it relates to persuasion and attitudes. Specifically, this chapter focuses on 2 prominent areas of persuasion research: 1. the creation of persuasive messages, and 2. the audience being targeted for the messages. With respect to the message, this chapter highlights a number of methods for increasing persuasiveness of the message. These include presenting both positive and negative information in a message, repeating messages, as well as using vivid imagery, narratives, and a personal approach. With respect to the target audience, there is considerable variety in the literature. That is, research in consumer psychology suggests that an individual’s need for cognition, mood, motivation, and goals all impact on their ability to be persuaded. In addition, culture and the relevance of the message to the individual also impact persuasion. From a PSYOPS perspective, then, this chapter underlines the importance of using sound persuasion principles when creating persuasive messages and the criticality of the target audience analysis as a means to understanding how exactly target messages should be tailored.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Following-up on a previous review of mainstream academic and scientific literature, this chapter reviews consumer psychology literature as it relates to persuasion and attitudes. Specifically, this chapter focuses on 2 prominent areas of persuasion research: 1. the creation of persuasive messages, and 2. the audience being targeted for the messages. With respect to the message, this chapter highlights a number of methods for increasing persuasiveness of the message. These include presenting both positive and negative information in a message, repeating messages, as well as using vivid imagery, narratives, and a personal approach. With respect to the target audience, there is considerable variety in the literature. That is, research in consumer psychology suggests that an individual’s need for cognition, mood, motivation, and goals all impact on their ability to be persuaded. In addition, culture and the relevance of the message to the individual also impact persuasion. From a PSYOPS perspective, then, this chapter underlines the importance of using sound persuasion principles when creating persuasive messages and the criticality of the target audience analysis as a means to understanding how exactly target messages should be tailored.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Following-up on a previous review of mainstream academic and scientific literature, this chapter reviews consumer psychology literature as it relates to persuasion and attitudes. Specifically, this chapter focuses on 2 prominent areas of persuasion research: 1. the creation of persuasive messages, and 2. the audience being targeted for the messages. With respect to the message, this chapter highlights a number of methods for increasing persuasiveness of the message. These include presenting both positive and negative information in a message, repeating messages, as well as using vivid imagery, narratives, and a personal approach. With respect to the target audience, there is considerable variety in the literature. That is, research in consumer psychology suggests that an individual’s need for cognition, mood, motivation, and goals all impact on their ability to be persuaded. In addition, culture and the relevance of the message to the individual also impact persuasion. From a PSYOPS perspective, then, this chapter underlines the importance of using sound persuasion principles when creating persuasive messages and the criticality of the target audience analysis as a means to understanding how exactly target messages should be tailored.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-030]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Barbara D. Adams, Andrea L. Brown, Courtney Tario]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[consumer psychology ; persuasive messages]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090305_1415.Toronto_CR_2009_031.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Influence Operations II; Annex to CF PSYOPS Materials and Recommendations]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Influence Operations II; Annex to CF PSYOPS Materials and Recommendations]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.090305_1415.Toronto_CR_2009_031.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report is an extension to a previous literature review completed by Adams, Sartori and Waldherr (2007). This review explored the scientific, military and academic literature relevant to influence and persuasion. Stemming from this review, the current project was initiated in order to provide a more usable guide for Canadian Forces PSYOPS practitioners. ; This report has 5 sections. The first provides a general overview of the area of influence and persuasion. The second section provides pragmatic advice related to conducting a target audience analysis. The third section explores characteristics of persuasive messages. This section explores techniques for creating influential messages, and notes the importance of understanding the prospective strength of a persuasive message in order to properly tailor it to the target audience. The fourth section presents several specific compliance techniques and provides both their theoretical underpinnings, as well as how to implement them in a PSYOPS context. The fifth and final section presents a series of recommendations addressing issues of information management, as well as offering a range of recommendations for future efforts that would further assist PSYOPS personnel to develop maximally persuasive messages. ;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report is an extension to a previous literature review completed by Adams, Sartori and Waldherr (2007). This review explored the scientific, military and academic literature relevant to influence and persuasion. Stemming from this review, the current project was initiated in order to provide a more usable guide for Canadian Forces PSYOPS practitioners. ; This report has 5 sections. The first provides a general overview of the area of influence and persuasion. The second section provides pragmatic advice related to conducting a target audience analysis. The third section explores characteristics of persuasive messages. This section explores techniques for creating influential messages, and notes the importance of understanding the prospective strength of a persuasive message in order to properly tailor it to the target audience. The fourth section presents several specific compliance techniques and provides both their theoretical underpinnings, as well as how to implement them in a PSYOPS context. The fifth and final section presents a series of recommendations addressing issues of information management, as well as offering a range of recommendations for future efforts that would further assist PSYOPS personnel to develop maximally persuasive messages. ;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report is an extension to a previous literature review completed by Adams, Sartori and Waldherr (2007). This review explored the scientific, military and academic literature relevant to influence and persuasion. Stemming from this review, the current project was initiated in order to provide a more usable guide for Canadian Forces PSYOPS practitioners. ; This report has 5 sections. The first provides a general overview of the area of influence and persuasion. The second section provides pragmatic advice related to conducting a target audience analysis. The third section explores characteristics of persuasive messages. This section explores techniques for creating influential messages, and notes the importance of understanding the prospective strength of a persuasive message in order to properly tailor it to the target audience. The fourth section presents several specific compliance techniques and provides both their theoretical underpinnings, as well as how to implement them in a PSYOPS context. The fifth and final section presents a series of recommendations addressing issues of information management, as well as offering a range of recommendations for future efforts that would further assist PSYOPS personnel to develop maximally persuasive messages. ;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-031]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Barbara D. Adams, Andrea L. Brown, Courtney Tari, Michael Thomson]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[influence; persuasion; persuasive messages; PSYOPS]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.080730_0803.Toronto_SL_2008_140.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Expression of intracellular cytokine cascade, HSP72 and apoptosis in monocyte subsets during exertional heat stress in trained and untrained individuals.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Expression of intracellular cytokine cascade, HSP72 and apoptosis in monocyte subsets during exertional heat stress in trained and untrained individuals.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.080730_0803.Toronto_SL_2008_140.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study examined intracellular cytokine, heat shock protein (HSP) 72 and cellular apoptosis in classical and inflammatory CD14+ monocyte subsets during exertional heat stress (EHS). Subjects were divided into trained (TR, n=12, = 70 ± 2 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) and untrained (UT, n=11, = 50 ± 1 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) groups prior to walking at 4.5 km•h-1 with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40°C; 30% R.H.), wearing protective clothing until exhaustion (Exh). Venous blood samples at baseline and 0.5°C rectal temperature increments (38.0°C, 38.5°C, 39.0°C, 39.5°C and 40.0°C/Exh) were analyzed for icytokine (TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, IL-6, IL-1ra and IL-10) in CD14++CD16-/CD14+CD16+ and HSP72/Apoptosis in CD14Bri/CDDim subsets. In addition, serum levels of extracellular (e) HSP72 were also examined. Baseline and Exh samples were separately stimulated with LPS (1&#956;g•mL-1), heat shocked (42&#61616;) and cultured in vitro for 2 hours. A greater temperature dependent increase in CD14+CD16+ cells was observed in TR compared to UT as well as a greater LPS tolerance following in vitro LPS stimulation. TNF-&#945; and IL-1&#946; cytokine expression was elevated in CD14+CD16+ but not in CD14++CD16- cells. Greater intracellular HSP72 inducibility and eHSP72 was observed in TR compared to UT, which coincided with a reduced apoptosis at Exh and following in vitro heat shock, however, HSP inducibility did not appear uniform across CD14+ subsets. Findings suggest circulati]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study examined intracellular cytokine, heat shock protein (HSP) 72 and cellular apoptosis in classical and inflammatory CD14+ monocyte subsets during exertional heat stress (EHS). Subjects were divided into trained (TR, n=12, = 70 ± 2 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) and untrained (UT, n=11, = 50 ± 1 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) groups prior to walking at 4.5 km•h-1 with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40°C; 30% R.H.), wearing protective clothing until exhaustion (Exh). Venous blood samples at baseline and 0.5°C rectal temperature increments (38.0°C, 38.5°C, 39.0°C, 39.5°C and 40.0°C/Exh) were analyzed for icytokine (TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, IL-6, IL-1ra and IL-10) in CD14++CD16-/CD14+CD16+ and HSP72/Apoptosis in CD14Bri/CDDim subsets. In addition, serum levels of extracellular (e) HSP72 were also examined. Baseline and Exh samples were separately stimulated with LPS (1&#956;g•mL-1), heat shocked (42&#61616;) and cultured in vitro for 2 hours. A greater temperature dependent increase in CD14+CD16+ cells was observed in TR compared to UT as well as a greater LPS tolerance following in vitro LPS stimulation. TNF-&#945; and IL-1&#946; cytokine expression was elevated in CD14+CD16+ but not in CD14++CD16- cells. Greater intracellular HSP72 inducibility and eHSP72 was observed in TR compared to UT, which coincided with a reduced apoptosis at Exh and following in vitro heat shock, however, HSP inducibility did not appear uniform across CD14+ subsets. Findings suggest circulati]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study examined intracellular cytokine, heat shock protein (HSP) 72 and cellular apoptosis in classical and inflammatory CD14+ monocyte subsets during exertional heat stress (EHS). Subjects were divided into trained (TR, n=12, = 70 ± 2 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) and untrained (UT, n=11, = 50 ± 1 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) groups prior to walking at 4.5 km•h-1 with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40°C; 30% R.H.), wearing protective clothing until exhaustion (Exh). Venous blood samples at baseline and 0.5°C rectal temperature increments (38.0°C, 38.5°C, 39.0°C, 39.5°C and 40.0°C/Exh) were analyzed for icytokine (TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, IL-6, IL-1ra and IL-10) in CD14++CD16-/CD14+CD16+ and HSP72/Apoptosis in CD14Bri/CDDim subsets. In addition, serum levels of extracellular (e) HSP72 were also examined. Baseline and Exh samples were separately stimulated with LPS (1&#956;g•mL-1), heat shocked (42&#61616;) and cultured in vitro for 2 hours. A greater temperature dependent increase in CD14+CD16+ cells was observed in TR compared to UT as well as a greater LPS tolerance following in vitro LPS stimulation. TNF-&#945; and IL-1&#946; cytokine expression was elevated in CD14+CD16+ but not in CD14++CD16- cells. Greater intracellular HSP72 inducibility and eHSP72 was observed in TR compared to UT, which coincided with a reduced apoptosis at Exh and following in vitro heat shock, however, HSP inducibility did not appear uniform across CD14+ subsets. Findings suggest circulati]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2008-140]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Glen A. Selkirk, Tom M. McLellan, Heather E. Wright and Shawn G. Rhind]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[intracellular cytokines, immune function, cardiovascular/thermoregulatory strain]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.081021_1445.toronto_TR_2008_183.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Moral and Ethical Dilemmas in Canadian Forces Military Operation: Qualitative and Descriptive Analyses of Commanders Operational Experiences ;]]> <![CDATA[(Dilemmes moraux et éthiques dans le cadre des opérations militaires des Forces canadiennes:; Analyses qualitatives et descriptives des expériences opérationnelles des commandants;)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Moral and Ethical Dilemmas in Canadian Forces Military Operation: Qualitative and Descriptive Analyses of Commanders Operational Experiences ;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.081021_1445.toronto_TR_2008_183.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Military operations have always held the potential for the encountering of moral dilemmas by military personnel. The current research involved secondary data analyses of an intensive interview study of Canadian Forces senior officers, each of whom had confronted a moral dilemma (i.e., situations or circumstances in which at least two core values are in conflict) during a deployment. Each interview was coded for evidence of central conceptual frameworks from the moral and ethical decision making literature, including the number and nature of the dimensions of moral intensity, and moral emotions, as well as for evidence of counterfactual thinking (i.e., ‘what if’ or ‘if only’ statements describing imagined alternatives to an actual outcome). Although commonly used in the moral and ethical decision making literature, there have been few applications of these models to the military domain, and virtually none that has applied all of these frameworks to first-hand accounts of moral dilemmas. Finally this work explores the extent to which these accounts reveal psychological resolution concerning these moral and ethical dilemmas, and the extent to which psychological resolution is associated with particular moral intensity dimensions moral emotions and counterfactual thinking.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Military operations have always held the potential for the encountering of moral dilemmas by military personnel. The current research involved secondary data analyses of an intensive interview study of Canadian Forces senior officers, each of whom had confronted a moral dilemma (i.e., situations or circumstances in which at least two core values are in conflict) during a deployment. Each interview was coded for evidence of central conceptual frameworks from the moral and ethical decision making literature, including the number and nature of the dimensions of moral intensity, and moral emotions, as well as for evidence of counterfactual thinking (i.e., ‘what if’ or ‘if only’ statements describing imagined alternatives to an actual outcome). Although commonly used in the moral and ethical decision making literature, there have been few applications of these models to the military domain, and virtually none that has applied all of these frameworks to first-hand accounts of moral dilemmas. Finally this work explores the extent to which these accounts reveal psychological resolution concerning these moral and ethical dilemmas, and the extent to which psychological resolution is associated with particular moral intensity dimensions moral emotions and counterfactual thinking.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Military operations have always held the potential for the encountering of moral dilemmas by military personnel. The current research involved secondary data analyses of an intensive interview study of Canadian Forces senior officers, each of whom had confronted a moral dilemma (i.e., situations or circumstances in which at least two core values are in conflict) during a deployment. Each interview was coded for evidence of central conceptual frameworks from the moral and ethical decision making literature, including the number and nature of the dimensions of moral intensity, and moral emotions, as well as for evidence of counterfactual thinking (i.e., ‘what if’ or ‘if only’ statements describing imagined alternatives to an actual outcome). Although commonly used in the moral and ethical decision making literature, there have been few applications of these models to the military domain, and virtually none that has applied all of these frameworks to first-hand accounts of moral dilemmas. Finally this work explores the extent to which these accounts reveal psychological resolution concerning these moral and ethical dilemmas, and the extent to which psychological resolution is associated with particular moral intensity dimensions moral emotions and counterfactual thinking.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2008-183]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Megan M. Thompson; Michael H. Thomson; Barbara D. Adams]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[moral and ethical dilemmas; commanders; moral intensity dimensions; moral emotio]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.081128_0638.Toronto_CR_2008_178.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Modelling the effect of personal hearing protection and communications devices on speech perception in noise.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Modelling the effect of personal hearing protection and communications devices on speech perception in noise.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.081128_0638.Toronto_CR_2008_178.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A predictive model of speech intelligibility was developed and validated for use in workplace environments characterized by hazardous noise levels requiring the use of hearing protection devices. The model takes into account the characteristics of the noise field, the signal-to-noise ratio, the attenuation of the device, and the hearing status of the listener. Accurate prediction of speech intelligibility reqired consideration of both the audibility (threshold) and distortion (suprathreshold) components of a hearing loss, as measured by the pure-tone audiogram and the clinical Hearing-In-Noise Test. The mean prediction error over all conditions tested was -0.1% with a standard deviation of 14.6%. The model could be applied in the context of two important applications of direct relevance to the Canadian Forces military environment: (1) the optimal selection of hearing protectors, and (2) the establishment of functionally-based hearing standards for the personnel. The predictive procedures developed in this research could form the basis for a comprehensive hearing protector selection and speech communication assessment system. Additional work is needed to extend the speech perception model to headsets and other communication devices. Speech production with hearing protection devices should also be further studied.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A predictive model of speech intelligibility was developed and validated for use in workplace environments characterized by hazardous noise levels requiring the use of hearing protection devices. The model takes into account the characteristics of the noise field, the signal-to-noise ratio, the attenuation of the device, and the hearing status of the listener. Accurate prediction of speech intelligibility reqired consideration of both the audibility (threshold) and distortion (suprathreshold) components of a hearing loss, as measured by the pure-tone audiogram and the clinical Hearing-In-Noise Test. The mean prediction error over all conditions tested was -0.1% with a standard deviation of 14.6%. The model could be applied in the context of two important applications of direct relevance to the Canadian Forces military environment: (1) the optimal selection of hearing protectors, and (2) the establishment of functionally-based hearing standards for the personnel. The predictive procedures developed in this research could form the basis for a comprehensive hearing protector selection and speech communication assessment system. Additional work is needed to extend the speech perception model to headsets and other communication devices. Speech production with hearing protection devices should also be further studied.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A predictive model of speech intelligibility was developed and validated for use in workplace environments characterized by hazardous noise levels requiring the use of hearing protection devices. The model takes into account the characteristics of the noise field, the signal-to-noise ratio, the attenuation of the device, and the hearing status of the listener. Accurate prediction of speech intelligibility reqired consideration of both the audibility (threshold) and distortion (suprathreshold) components of a hearing loss, as measured by the pure-tone audiogram and the clinical Hearing-In-Noise Test. The mean prediction error over all conditions tested was -0.1% with a standard deviation of 14.6%. The model could be applied in the context of two important applications of direct relevance to the Canadian Forces military environment: (1) the optimal selection of hearing protectors, and (2) the establishment of functionally-based hearing standards for the personnel. The predictive procedures developed in this research could form the basis for a comprehensive hearing protector selection and speech communication assessment system. Additional work is needed to extend the speech perception model to headsets and other communication devices. Speech production with hearing protection devices should also be further studied.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-178]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Christian Giguere;; Chantal Laroche;; Veronique Vaillancourt;; Sigfrid D. Soli]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[hearing protecton; speech communication capability]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090112_1251.TM 2008-281.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Investigating visual alerting in maritime command and control]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Investigating visual alerting in maritime command and control]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.090112_1251.TM 2008-281.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments were conducted to investigate automated visual alerting in complex environments where operators rely on multiple display workstations to perform high-intensity tasks. The Halifax Class frigate is an example of such an environment; where the auditory modality is over-taxed and where visual alerts might be an alternate means for alerting operators. The two experiments investigated the ability to detect two types of visual alerts, and alerts appeared on the three displays making up the workstation. In Experiment 1, a flashing border surrounding the perimeter of the display screen was compared to a static sidebar alert positioned on the outer left side of the screen. In Experiment 2 a complete counterbalance of factors was achieved whereby both border and sidebar alerts were presented as flashing and static. Results showed that the sidebar alert was detected faster than border alerts regardless of whether it was flashing or static, and in general, sidebar alerts were detected faster when they appeared on all three displays as compared to one display. Future work will focus on examining the association between the display an alert appears on and the spatial location of operator attention.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments were conducted to investigate automated visual alerting in complex environments where operators rely on multiple display workstations to perform high-intensity tasks. The Halifax Class frigate is an example of such an environment; where the auditory modality is over-taxed and where visual alerts might be an alternate means for alerting operators. The two experiments investigated the ability to detect two types of visual alerts, and alerts appeared on the three displays making up the workstation. In Experiment 1, a flashing border surrounding the perimeter of the display screen was compared to a static sidebar alert positioned on the outer left side of the screen. In Experiment 2 a complete counterbalance of factors was achieved whereby both border and sidebar alerts were presented as flashing and static. Results showed that the sidebar alert was detected faster than border alerts regardless of whether it was flashing or static, and in general, sidebar alerts were detected faster when they appeared on all three displays as compared to one display. Future work will focus on examining the association between the display an alert appears on and the spatial location of operator attention.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments were conducted to investigate automated visual alerting in complex environments where operators rely on multiple display workstations to perform high-intensity tasks. The Halifax Class frigate is an example of such an environment; where the auditory modality is over-taxed and where visual alerts might be an alternate means for alerting operators. The two experiments investigated the ability to detect two types of visual alerts, and alerts appeared on the three displays making up the workstation. In Experiment 1, a flashing border surrounding the perimeter of the display screen was compared to a static sidebar alert positioned on the outer left side of the screen. In Experiment 2 a complete counterbalance of factors was achieved whereby both border and sidebar alerts were presented as flashing and static. Results showed that the sidebar alert was detected faster than border alerts regardless of whether it was flashing or static, and in general, sidebar alerts were detected faster when they appeared on all three displays as compared to one display. Future work will focus on examining the association between the display an alert appears on and the spatial location of operator attention.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2008-281]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Crebolder, J. M.; Beardsall, J.]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.081216_1054.toronto_TR_2008_190.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Decision Processes in Military Moral Dilemmas: The Role of Moral Intensity and Moral Judgment]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Decision Processes in Military Moral Dilemmas: The Role of Moral Intensity and Moral Judgment]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.081216_1054.toronto_TR_2008_190.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Given the unique moral responsibility and obligations of military duty, understanding the nature and factors governing the moral decision-making process and behavior of military personnel, especially during operations, is of paramount importance. In the current study, we apply the seminal moral and ethical decision-making models of Rest (1986) and Jones (1991) to explore the moral decision-making process of 64 participants (34 women and 30 men) who participated in an on-line survey at the Centre for Decision Sciences at Columbia University. Following the presentation of each of two military moral dilemmas drawn from the operational experiences of senior CF commanders and two potential responses to that dilemma, the participants responded to a series of questions assessing moral awareness, intensity, and judgment for each of the response options. They also selected a preferred response option for each military moral dilemma. Our results showed that they were no more likely to choose one response option over the other in either moral dilemma. The results of regression analyses also showed that differences in how the participants perceived one option as compared to the other on the moral intensity variables predicted how they judged its morality relative to that of the other option. Finally, the results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the differences in moral intensity ratings and judgment scores were significant predictors of the preferred responses to the mo]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Given the unique moral responsibility and obligations of military duty, understanding the nature and factors governing the moral decision-making process and behavior of military personnel, especially during operations, is of paramount importance. In the current study, we apply the seminal moral and ethical decision-making models of Rest (1986) and Jones (1991) to explore the moral decision-making process of 64 participants (34 women and 30 men) who participated in an on-line survey at the Centre for Decision Sciences at Columbia University. Following the presentation of each of two military moral dilemmas drawn from the operational experiences of senior CF commanders and two potential responses to that dilemma, the participants responded to a series of questions assessing moral awareness, intensity, and judgment for each of the response options. They also selected a preferred response option for each military moral dilemma. Our results showed that they were no more likely to choose one response option over the other in either moral dilemma. The results of regression analyses also showed that differences in how the participants perceived one option as compared to the other on the moral intensity variables predicted how they judged its morality relative to that of the other option. Finally, the results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the differences in moral intensity ratings and judgment scores were significant predictors of the preferred responses to the mo]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Given the unique moral responsibility and obligations of military duty, understanding the nature and factors governing the moral decision-making process and behavior of military personnel, especially during operations, is of paramount importance. In the current study, we apply the seminal moral and ethical decision-making models of Rest (1986) and Jones (1991) to explore the moral decision-making process of 64 participants (34 women and 30 men) who participated in an on-line survey at the Centre for Decision Sciences at Columbia University. Following the presentation of each of two military moral dilemmas drawn from the operational experiences of senior CF commanders and two potential responses to that dilemma, the participants responded to a series of questions assessing moral awareness, intensity, and judgment for each of the response options. They also selected a preferred response option for each military moral dilemma. Our results showed that they were no more likely to choose one response option over the other in either moral dilemma. The results of regression analyses also showed that differences in how the participants perceived one option as compared to the other on the moral intensity variables predicted how they judged its morality relative to that of the other option. Finally, the results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the differences in moral intensity ratings and judgment scores were significant predictors of the preferred responses to the mo]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2008-190]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Blais, A.R.; ; Thompson, M.M.]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[decision making, moral dilemmas; Canadian Forces; moral intensity; moral judgmen]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/gschafe.090109_1003.Toronto_CR_2009_012.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Field Trial of Objective Biomechanical Assessment of Extended Body Armour Phase 1]]> <![CDATA[(Essai pratique de l’évaluation biomécanique objective du vêtement de protection balistique allongé – Phase 1)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Field Trial of Objective Biomechanical Assessment of Extended Body Armour Phase 1]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/gschafe.090109_1003.Toronto_CR_2009_012.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This work in objective biomechanical evaluation of extended body armour was performed for the Soldier System Integration Group at Defense Research and Development Canada (DRDC)-Toronto in support of the Counter Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Technical Demonstration Project (TDP).; Various designs of armour systems provide similar ballistic protection; yet differ in stiffness, bulk, and weight. Research goals were: 1) to conduct a demonstration project of how wireless inertial motion sensors can be used to assess biomechanical outcomes during personal protective equipment (PPE) evaluations; 2) to quantitatively assess soft armour systems using electromyography and inertial motion sensor technology; 3) to compare subjective data from soldiers’ preferences with data from electromyography (EMG) of muscle signals and range of motion (ROM) of joints. ; Despite small sample size, findings of this preliminary investigation indicate that this approach of combining EMG concurrently with ROM, has great potential to provide an objective biomechanical assessment of personal protective equipment. The EMG and ROM objective measures were all positively correlated with soldiers’ subjective responses, particularly for the shoulder region ROM tasks.; Results indicate that less stiff, less bulky, and lighter systems are deemed superior for dynamic tasks, whereas, stiffer, bulkier, and heavier systems may have advantages for static holding tasks.;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This work in objective biomechanical evaluation of extended body armour was performed for the Soldier System Integration Group at Defense Research and Development Canada (DRDC)-Toronto in support of the Counter Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Technical Demonstration Project (TDP).; Various designs of armour systems provide similar ballistic protection; yet differ in stiffness, bulk, and weight. Research goals were: 1) to conduct a demonstration project of how wireless inertial motion sensors can be used to assess biomechanical outcomes during personal protective equipment (PPE) evaluations; 2) to quantitatively assess soft armour systems using electromyography and inertial motion sensor technology; 3) to compare subjective data from soldiers’ preferences with data from electromyography (EMG) of muscle signals and range of motion (ROM) of joints. ; Despite small sample size, findings of this preliminary investigation indicate that this approach of combining EMG concurrently with ROM, has great potential to provide an objective biomechanical assessment of personal protective equipment. The EMG and ROM objective measures were all positively correlated with soldiers’ subjective responses, particularly for the shoulder region ROM tasks.; Results indicate that less stiff, less bulky, and lighter systems are deemed superior for dynamic tasks, whereas, stiffer, bulkier, and heavier systems may have advantages for static holding tasks.;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This work in objective biomechanical evaluation of extended body armour was performed for the Soldier System Integration Group at Defense Research and Development Canada (DRDC)-Toronto in support of the Counter Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Technical Demonstration Project (TDP).; Various designs of armour systems provide similar ballistic protection; yet differ in stiffness, bulk, and weight. Research goals were: 1) to conduct a demonstration project of how wireless inertial motion sensors can be used to assess biomechanical outcomes during personal protective equipment (PPE) evaluations; 2) to quantitatively assess soft armour systems using electromyography and inertial motion sensor technology; 3) to compare subjective data from soldiers’ preferences with data from electromyography (EMG) of muscle signals and range of motion (ROM) of joints. ; Despite small sample size, findings of this preliminary investigation indicate that this approach of combining EMG concurrently with ROM, has great potential to provide an objective biomechanical assessment of personal protective equipment. The EMG and ROM objective measures were all positively correlated with soldiers’ subjective responses, particularly for the shoulder region ROM tasks.; Results indicate that less stiff, less bulky, and lighter systems are deemed superior for dynamic tasks, whereas, stiffer, bulkier, and heavier systems may have advantages for static holding tasks.;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2009-012]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[JM Stevenson,; J Selinger,; C Gooyers,; P Costigan,; S Almosnino,; T Upjohn]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Objective measurements; EMG; body armour; personal protective equipment; PPE; bi]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/bquemerais.081014_0943.Toronto_TR_2008_182.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Effect of the new insulation liner on noise levels in the CH124B (Sea King) aircraft]]> <![CDATA[(Effet du nouvel isolant sur les niveaux de bruit dans l'aéronef CH124B Sea King)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Effect of the new insulation liner on noise levels in the CH124B (Sea King) aircraft]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/bquemerais.081014_0943.Toronto_TR_2008_182.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Crew members of the Seaking helicopter are exposed to elevated noise levels. To minimize noise levels as well as to insulate electrical wiring, the Seaking are equipped with a liner, which reduces noise. Recently the Sea King helicopters have been equipped with a new type of liner. Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto was asked to verify the noise levels in the Seaking during flight with the new liner and compare it with the old liner. Equivalent noise levels and octave band analysis were performed on a Seaking helicopter from Shearwater in February 5 and 6, 2008. Results showed that the new liner has absorption capabilities similar to or better than the old liner, except at the very low frequency of 8 Hz. Although at-ear sound pressure levels were not measured, it is reasonable to assume that they are acceptable with the new liner since they were acceptable with the old liner. Since sound pressure level are significantly higher when the cargo door is open, it was recommended to open the door only for a short period of time to avoid excessive exposure for the crewmen and troops.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Crew members of the Seaking helicopter are exposed to elevated noise levels. To minimize noise levels as well as to insulate electrical wiring, the Seaking are equipped with a liner, which reduces noise. Recently the Sea King helicopters have been equipped with a new type of liner. Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto was asked to verify the noise levels in the Seaking during flight with the new liner and compare it with the old liner. Equivalent noise levels and octave band analysis were performed on a Seaking helicopter from Shearwater in February 5 and 6, 2008. Results showed that the new liner has absorption capabilities similar to or better than the old liner, except at the very low frequency of 8 Hz. Although at-ear sound pressure levels were not measured, it is reasonable to assume that they are acceptable with the new liner since they were acceptable with the old liner. Since sound pressure level are significantly higher when the cargo door is open, it was recommended to open the door only for a short period of time to avoid excessive exposure for the crewmen and troops.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Crew members of the Seaking helicopter are exposed to elevated noise levels. To minimize noise levels as well as to insulate electrical wiring, the Seaking are equipped with a liner, which reduces noise. Recently the Sea King helicopters have been equipped with a new type of liner. Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto was asked to verify the noise levels in the Seaking during flight with the new liner and compare it with the old liner. Equivalent noise levels and octave band analysis were performed on a Seaking helicopter from Shearwater in February 5 and 6, 2008. Results showed that the new liner has absorption capabilities similar to or better than the old liner, except at the very low frequency of 8 Hz. Although at-ear sound pressure levels were not measured, it is reasonable to assume that they are acceptable with the new liner since they were acceptable with the old liner. Since sound pressure level are significantly higher when the cargo door is open, it was recommended to open the door only for a short period of time to avoid excessive exposure for the crewmen and troops.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2008-182]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Bernadette Quémerais]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Noise, Seaking, CH124B]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/aisenor.081020_0706.TM 2008-212.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Enhancing the utility of the Rapid Environmental Assessment database through the use of in situ and modelled data sets during Q316]]> <![CDATA[(Accroissement de l'utilité de la base de données d'évaluation environnementale rapide grâce à l'utilisation d'ensembles de données recueillies sur place et modélisées durant l'essai Q316)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Enhancing the utility of the Rapid Environmental Assessment database through the use of in situ and modelled data sets during Q316]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/aisenor.081020_0706.TM 2008-212.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Rapid Environmental Assessment database (READB) is an assembly of ocean environmental data collected by DRDC Atlantic and its predecessors. The database was a result of a contract effort that combined temperature, sound speed, transmission loss, and ambient noise data into a single database management system. As well, the database contains bathymetry data and temperature-salinity climatology for the Scotian Shelf. The database is intended for use while ashore and also while at-sea. Trial Q316 was the maiden voyage of the database. During the trial, the database was used extensively by utilizing previously existing data within the database and by incorporating data collected during the trial. The database was used as a data source for other applications being used to assess the surrounding oceanographic environment. The trial also highlighted potential improvements in the coupling between the external data sources and the database. Based on the Q316 database investigation, numerous recommendations are made for the database, for the redesign of the database, and how external data sources can more easily be incorporated into the database.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Rapid Environmental Assessment database (READB) is an assembly of ocean environmental data collected by DRDC Atlantic and its predecessors. The database was a result of a contract effort that combined temperature, sound speed, transmission loss, and ambient noise data into a single database management system. As well, the database contains bathymetry data and temperature-salinity climatology for the Scotian Shelf. The database is intended for use while ashore and also while at-sea. Trial Q316 was the maiden voyage of the database. During the trial, the database was used extensively by utilizing previously existing data within the database and by incorporating data collected during the trial. The database was used as a data source for other applications being used to assess the surrounding oceanographic environment. The trial also highlighted potential improvements in the coupling between the external data sources and the database. Based on the Q316 database investigation, numerous recommendations are made for the database, for the redesign of the database, and how external data sources can more easily be incorporated into the database.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Rapid Environmental Assessment database (READB) is an assembly of ocean environmental data collected by DRDC Atlantic and its predecessors. The database was a result of a contract effort that combined temperature, sound speed, transmission loss, and ambient noise data into a single database management system. As well, the database contains bathymetry data and temperature-salinity climatology for the Scotian Shelf. The database is intended for use while ashore and also while at-sea. Trial Q316 was the maiden voyage of the database. During the trial, the database was used extensively by utilizing previously existing data within the database and by incorporating data collected during the trial. The database was used as a data source for other applications being used to assess the surrounding oceanographic environment. The trial also highlighted potential improvements in the coupling between the external data sources and the database. Based on the Q316 database investigation, numerous recommendations are made for the database, for the redesign of the database, and how external data sources can more easily be incorporated into the database.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2008-212]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Anthony W. Isenor]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[rapid environmental assessment; REA; REA database; REA DB; Postgre; PostgreSQL;]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/lapinski.080820_0943.CR 2008-177.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of New Visualization Approaches for Representing Uncertainty in the Recognized Maritime Picture]]> <![CDATA[(Évaluation de nouvelles techniques de visualisation permettant de représenter l’incertitude dans la situation maritime générale)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Evaluation of New Visualization Approaches for Representing Uncertainty in the Recognized Maritime Picture]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/lapinski.080820_0943.CR 2008-177.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report documents the literature review and experimentation used to develop and assess visualization options to represent uncertainty in the Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP), which is the visual representation of the surface vessel picture for the Canadian maritime Area of Interest (AOI). Specifically, visualization options for the uncertainty with regards to the identity, spatial position and time lateness of surface contacts and the quality and time lateness of the sensor coverage were developed and assessed using computer-based experiments at the Humansystems (HSI„µ) Test Lab. Two icons (Rectangle design and ¡§Lego¡¨ design) were developed to display uncertainty related to the surface contacts, in addition to background swaths with two features (fill and border) to display sensor coverage uncertainty. Search times and accuracy were explored through 6 experimentation sessions with 11 participants. The results showed a small search time advantage for the Rectangle design and small performance differences among the different designs for sensor coverage. Participants rated the workload associated with using the designs as low. All of the design options evaluated are considered to be suitable candidates for future evaluation by the operational community. This work was conducted as part of the Information Visualization and Management of Enhanced Domain Awareness in Maritime Security Applied Research Project within the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Maritime]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report documents the literature review and experimentation used to develop and assess visualization options to represent uncertainty in the Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP), which is the visual representation of the surface vessel picture for the Canadian maritime Area of Interest (AOI). Specifically, visualization options for the uncertainty with regards to the identity, spatial position and time lateness of surface contacts and the quality and time lateness of the sensor coverage were developed and assessed using computer-based experiments at the Humansystems (HSI„µ) Test Lab. Two icons (Rectangle design and ¡§Lego¡¨ design) were developed to display uncertainty related to the surface contacts, in addition to background swaths with two features (fill and border) to display sensor coverage uncertainty. Search times and accuracy were explored through 6 experimentation sessions with 11 participants. The results showed a small search time advantage for the Rectangle design and small performance differences among the different designs for sensor coverage. Participants rated the workload associated with using the designs as low. All of the design options evaluated are considered to be suitable candidates for future evaluation by the operational community. This work was conducted as part of the Information Visualization and Management of Enhanced Domain Awareness in Maritime Security Applied Research Project within the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Maritime]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report documents the literature review and experimentation used to develop and assess visualization options to represent uncertainty in the Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP), which is the visual representation of the surface vessel picture for the Canadian maritime Area of Interest (AOI). Specifically, visualization options for the uncertainty with regards to the identity, spatial position and time lateness of surface contacts and the quality and time lateness of the sensor coverage were developed and assessed using computer-based experiments at the Humansystems (HSI„µ) Test Lab. Two icons (Rectangle design and ¡§Lego¡¨ design) were developed to display uncertainty related to the surface contacts, in addition to background swaths with two features (fill and border) to display sensor coverage uncertainty. Search times and accuracy were explored through 6 experimentation sessions with 11 participants. The results showed a small search time advantage for the Rectangle design and small performance differences among the different designs for sensor coverage. Participants rated the workload associated with using the designs as low. All of the design options evaluated are considered to be suitable candidates for future evaluation by the operational community. This work was conducted as part of the Information Visualization and Management of Enhanced Domain Awareness in Maritime Security Applied Research Project within the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Maritime]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-177]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Michael Matthews, Lisa Rehak, Julie Famewo, Tamsen Taylor, Jeremy Robson]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Information Visualization; Uncertainty Visualization; Uncertainty; Visualization]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080903_1540.Toronto_TM_2008_168.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Conflict and security indices: A summary of open-source data]]> <![CDATA[(Indices de conflits et de menaces à la sécurité : un résumé des données de sources ouvertes)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Conflict and security indices: A summary of open-source data]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080903_1540.Toronto_TM_2008_168.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This DRDC Toronto technical memorandum contains summaries of a select number of widely used open-source conflict and security indices freely available on the World Wide Web. It provides a succinct description and purpose of each project, information about the supporting organization, principal investigators, data sources used, temporal coverage, the number of countries included, data and variables, methodology, and data accessibility and format. The summaries represent a focused extension of DRDC Toronto technical report 2008-167 which aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of open-source databases accessible via the Internet that are meant to be used as guides for international investors, official aid donors, policy makers, analysts, academia and other information seekers looking to exploit conflict-and security-related open-source information.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This DRDC Toronto technical memorandum contains summaries of a select number of widely used open-source conflict and security indices freely available on the World Wide Web. It provides a succinct description and purpose of each project, information about the supporting organization, principal investigators, data sources used, temporal coverage, the number of countries included, data and variables, methodology, and data accessibility and format. The summaries represent a focused extension of DRDC Toronto technical report 2008-167 which aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of open-source databases accessible via the Internet that are meant to be used as guides for international investors, official aid donors, policy makers, analysts, academia and other information seekers looking to exploit conflict-and security-related open-source information.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This DRDC Toronto technical memorandum contains summaries of a select number of widely used open-source conflict and security indices freely available on the World Wide Web. It provides a succinct description and purpose of each project, information about the supporting organization, principal investigators, data sources used, temporal coverage, the number of countries included, data and variables, methodology, and data accessibility and format. The summaries represent a focused extension of DRDC Toronto technical report 2008-167 which aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of open-source databases accessible via the Internet that are meant to be used as guides for international investors, official aid donors, policy makers, analysts, academia and other information seekers looking to exploit conflict-and security-related open-source information.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2008-168]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Nada J. Pavlovic; Kristen Blackler; David R. Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[open-source, conflict and security indices]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080903_1529.Toronto_TR_2008_167.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Indicators and Indices of Conflict and Security: ; A Review and Classification of Open-source Data]]> <![CDATA[(Indicateurs et indices de conflits et de menaces à la sécurité : révision et classification des données de sources ouvertes)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Indicators and Indices of Conflict and Security: ; A Review and Classification of Open-source Data]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080903_1529.Toronto_TR_2008_167.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), there has been a proliferation of readily accessible open-source databases of conflict and security indicators and indices.; The sheer proliferation and diversity of information sources, however, demands an increasing level of knowledge management in order to maximize the utility of the available information for end users. Part of that function involves discovering what data and information sources currently exist, as well as classifying those information sources in a coherent and systematic manner. The primary purpose of this report is to provide an overview of open-source databases on conflict and security indicators to assist users in selecting the indicator(s) most appropriate for their purposes. The current summary and classification of the databases is intended to be a fairly comprehensive “field-guide” for researchers and analysts looking to exploit conflict-and security-related open-source information.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), there has been a proliferation of readily accessible open-source databases of conflict and security indicators and indices.; The sheer proliferation and diversity of information sources, however, demands an increasing level of knowledge management in order to maximize the utility of the available information for end users. Part of that function involves discovering what data and information sources currently exist, as well as classifying those information sources in a coherent and systematic manner. The primary purpose of this report is to provide an overview of open-source databases on conflict and security indicators to assist users in selecting the indicator(s) most appropriate for their purposes. The current summary and classification of the databases is intended to be a fairly comprehensive “field-guide” for researchers and analysts looking to exploit conflict-and security-related open-source information.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), there has been a proliferation of readily accessible open-source databases of conflict and security indicators and indices.; The sheer proliferation and diversity of information sources, however, demands an increasing level of knowledge management in order to maximize the utility of the available information for end users. Part of that function involves discovering what data and information sources currently exist, as well as classifying those information sources in a coherent and systematic manner. The primary purpose of this report is to provide an overview of open-source databases on conflict and security indicators to assist users in selecting the indicator(s) most appropriate for their purposes. The current summary and classification of the databases is intended to be a fairly comprehensive “field-guide” for researchers and analysts looking to exploit conflict-and security-related open-source information.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2008-167]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Nada J. Pavlovic, Lisa Casagrande Hoshino, David R. Mandel, A. Walter Dorn]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[open-source, conflict and security]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080403_0623.CR 2008-057.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Visual Alerts in the Maritime Domain]]> <![CDATA[(Évaluation des alertes visuelles dans le domaine maritime)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Evaluation of Visual Alerts in the Maritime Domain]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080403_0623.CR 2008-057.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The current study was designed to explore alternative methods of enhancing the manner in which operators are alerted in the Halifax Class Frigate operations room. As the auditory modality is overloaded in the current alerting system, one method of potentially reducing perceptual overload is to replace auditory alerts with alerts presented in the visual domain. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how a high intensity task spread across multiple displays impacts the detection of visual alerts. The experimental design included two types of alerts (flashing border/status bar) presented independently on the left, right, or centre display or on all three displays. Participants were required to complete two tasks: 1. Classify and report contacts appearing on the centre display as hostile or neutral, and 2. Detect and respond to visual alerts. Reaction time to alerts and accuracy of the identification of alerts and contacts were examined. In general, reaction time to status bar alerts was faster than to border alerts, although no significant difference was observed when the alerts appeared on the left display. Responding to the status bar alert when it was presented on all three displays at once compared to all other alert configurations was found to be fastest. No significant difference in accuracy was found. Results in this study suggest that the type and location of visual alerts has a significant impact on reaction time but no impact on accuracy. Further investiga]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The current study was designed to explore alternative methods of enhancing the manner in which operators are alerted in the Halifax Class Frigate operations room. As the auditory modality is overloaded in the current alerting system, one method of potentially reducing perceptual overload is to replace auditory alerts with alerts presented in the visual domain. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how a high intensity task spread across multiple displays impacts the detection of visual alerts. The experimental design included two types of alerts (flashing border/status bar) presented independently on the left, right, or centre display or on all three displays. Participants were required to complete two tasks: 1. Classify and report contacts appearing on the centre display as hostile or neutral, and 2. Detect and respond to visual alerts. Reaction time to alerts and accuracy of the identification of alerts and contacts were examined. In general, reaction time to status bar alerts was faster than to border alerts, although no significant difference was observed when the alerts appeared on the left display. Responding to the status bar alert when it was presented on all three displays at once compared to all other alert configurations was found to be fastest. No significant difference in accuracy was found. Results in this study suggest that the type and location of visual alerts has a significant impact on reaction time but no impact on accuracy. Further investiga]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The current study was designed to explore alternative methods of enhancing the manner in which operators are alerted in the Halifax Class Frigate operations room. As the auditory modality is overloaded in the current alerting system, one method of potentially reducing perceptual overload is to replace auditory alerts with alerts presented in the visual domain. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how a high intensity task spread across multiple displays impacts the detection of visual alerts. The experimental design included two types of alerts (flashing border/status bar) presented independently on the left, right, or centre display or on all three displays. Participants were required to complete two tasks: 1. Classify and report contacts appearing on the centre display as hostile or neutral, and 2. Detect and respond to visual alerts. Reaction time to alerts and accuracy of the identification of alerts and contacts were examined. In general, reaction time to status bar alerts was faster than to border alerts, although no significant difference was observed when the alerts appeared on the left display. Responding to the status bar alert when it was presented on all three displays at once compared to all other alert configurations was found to be fastest. No significant difference in accuracy was found. Results in this study suggest that the type and location of visual alerts has a significant impact on reaction time but no impact on accuracy. Further investiga]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-057]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[S. Roberts;; T. Foster-Hunt]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/gschafe.081008_0911.Toronto_CR_2008_174.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Exposed Crew Throat Protector Human Factor Usability Trial]]> <![CDATA[(Test d'utilisation ergonomique d'un protège-gorge pour les membres d'équipage exposés ; ;)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Exposed Crew Throat Protector Human Factor Usability Trial]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/gschafe.081008_0911.Toronto_CR_2008_174.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A four day field trial was conducted at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Valcartier from November 19 to November 23 2007 to evaluate the usability of a new throat protector design. The aims of the trial were to confirm that one size effectively covered off the 5th to 95th percentile of the Canadian forces (CF) male population and to assess the functional impact of the proposed throat protector design on the ability of Land Forces personnel to perform their day-to-day tasks. Twenty-six soldiers completed a battery of human factors tests while wearing either no throat protector (baseline condition) or the new throat protector. A progressive testing protocol was used that included static stands; anthropometry assessment of fit, range of motion, compatibility with weapons and vehicles, and dynamic military tasks; firing range, obstacle course, mounted vehicle ambush and combat dismount, dismounted section attack, and FIBUA. Data collection included fit assessments, range of motion assessments, acceptability ratings following the tasks, thermal and physical discomfort ratings, daily and exit questionnaires, and guided focus groups. The results of this trial indicated that the throat protector design fit the male population and was acceptable for the majority of participants. The trial participants also suggested minor design modifications. Design changes to improve the throat protector design are discussed in the report.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A four day field trial was conducted at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Valcartier from November 19 to November 23 2007 to evaluate the usability of a new throat protector design. The aims of the trial were to confirm that one size effectively covered off the 5th to 95th percentile of the Canadian forces (CF) male population and to assess the functional impact of the proposed throat protector design on the ability of Land Forces personnel to perform their day-to-day tasks. Twenty-six soldiers completed a battery of human factors tests while wearing either no throat protector (baseline condition) or the new throat protector. A progressive testing protocol was used that included static stands; anthropometry assessment of fit, range of motion, compatibility with weapons and vehicles, and dynamic military tasks; firing range, obstacle course, mounted vehicle ambush and combat dismount, dismounted section attack, and FIBUA. Data collection included fit assessments, range of motion assessments, acceptability ratings following the tasks, thermal and physical discomfort ratings, daily and exit questionnaires, and guided focus groups. The results of this trial indicated that the throat protector design fit the male population and was acceptable for the majority of participants. The trial participants also suggested minor design modifications. Design changes to improve the throat protector design are discussed in the report.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A four day field trial was conducted at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Valcartier from November 19 to November 23 2007 to evaluate the usability of a new throat protector design. The aims of the trial were to confirm that one size effectively covered off the 5th to 95th percentile of the Canadian forces (CF) male population and to assess the functional impact of the proposed throat protector design on the ability of Land Forces personnel to perform their day-to-day tasks. Twenty-six soldiers completed a battery of human factors tests while wearing either no throat protector (baseline condition) or the new throat protector. A progressive testing protocol was used that included static stands; anthropometry assessment of fit, range of motion, compatibility with weapons and vehicles, and dynamic military tasks; firing range, obstacle course, mounted vehicle ambush and combat dismount, dismounted section attack, and FIBUA. Data collection included fit assessments, range of motion assessments, acceptability ratings following the tasks, thermal and physical discomfort ratings, daily and exit questionnaires, and guided focus groups. The results of this trial indicated that the throat protector design fit the male population and was acceptable for the majority of participants. The trial participants also suggested minor design modifications. Design changes to improve the throat protector design are discussed in the report.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-174]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Paul G. Santos Vilhena; Chris Ste-Croix]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[throat protection; blast protection; fragmentation protection; PPE; Personal pro]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hollands.081027_1526.toronto_SL_2008_194.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Improving Reliability Awareness to Support Appropriate Trust and Reliance on Individual Combat Identification Systems]]> <![CDATA[(Améliorer la connaissance de la fiabilité pour amener les utilisateurs à accorder un niveau de confiance approprié aux systèmes d’identification au combat et à y avoir recours judicieusement)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Improving Reliability Awareness to Support Appropriate Trust and Reliance on Individual Combat Identification Systems]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hollands.081027_1526.toronto_SL_2008_194.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Individual combat identification (CID) systems have been developed to help soldiers distinguish; friends from foes in combat situations. However, these automated systems are not perfectly; reliable. Previous studies have found that participants often do not rely properly on such systems; and consequently their identification performance was not improved by them. We present an; experiment that tested the effectiveness of providing aid reliability information to support; participants’ appropriate trust in and reliance on a CID aid. The results indicated that participants; had difficulty in estimating the aid reliability. Participants who were not informed of the aid; reliability trusted in and relied on the aid feedback less than those who were aware of the aid; reliability. Providing the aid reliability information led to more appropriate reliance on the aid.; This research has implications for the design of interfaces for individual CID systems and the; training of infantry soldiers.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Individual combat identification (CID) systems have been developed to help soldiers distinguish; friends from foes in combat situations. However, these automated systems are not perfectly; reliable. Previous studies have found that participants often do not rely properly on such systems; and consequently their identification performance was not improved by them. We present an; experiment that tested the effectiveness of providing aid reliability information to support; participants’ appropriate trust in and reliance on a CID aid. The results indicated that participants; had difficulty in estimating the aid reliability. Participants who were not informed of the aid; reliability trusted in and relied on the aid feedback less than those who were aware of the aid; reliability. Providing the aid reliability information led to more appropriate reliance on the aid.; This research has implications for the design of interfaces for individual CID systems and the; training of infantry soldiers.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Individual combat identification (CID) systems have been developed to help soldiers distinguish; friends from foes in combat situations. However, these automated systems are not perfectly; reliable. Previous studies have found that participants often do not rely properly on such systems; and consequently their identification performance was not improved by them. We present an; experiment that tested the effectiveness of providing aid reliability information to support; participants’ appropriate trust in and reliance on a CID aid. The results indicated that participants; had difficulty in estimating the aid reliability. Participants who were not informed of the aid; reliability trusted in and relied on the aid feedback less than those who were aware of the aid; reliability. Providing the aid reliability information led to more appropriate reliance on the aid.; This research has implications for the design of interfaces for individual CID systems and the; training of infantry soldiers.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2008-194]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[L. Wang; G. A. Jamieson; J. G. Hollands]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[automation, combat identification, reliance, reliability, trust]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hollands.081027_1533.toronto_SL_2008_193.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Selecting Methods for the Analysis of Reliance on Automation]]> <![CDATA[(Choisir des méthodes pour l’analyse de la dépendance à l’égard de l’automatisation)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Selecting Methods for the Analysis of Reliance on Automation]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/hollands.081027_1533.toronto_SL_2008_193.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Human reliance on imperfect automation has been the subject of many laboratory experiments. Across these studies, a diverse set of indices of reliance have been used, even in studies with similar experiment settings. This inconsistency of reliance measures makes the meta-analysis of experimental findings difficult. Moreover, few researchers have rigorously; defined the optimal level of automation reliance in their settings, making it difficult to judge the appropriateness of that reliance. This paper attempts to guide researchers in selecting and interpreting measures of automation reliance behavior. We review the reliance analysis methods in existing research and propose four criteria for selecting among them. It is recommended that, where possible, future studies define optimal reliance to make unequivocal judgment about the appropriateness of reliance. In addition, more reliable and; insightful conclusions can be obtained through the use of multiple measures.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Human reliance on imperfect automation has been the subject of many laboratory experiments. Across these studies, a diverse set of indices of reliance have been used, even in studies with similar experiment settings. This inconsistency of reliance measures makes the meta-analysis of experimental findings difficult. Moreover, few researchers have rigorously; defined the optimal level of automation reliance in their settings, making it difficult to judge the appropriateness of that reliance. This paper attempts to guide researchers in selecting and interpreting measures of automation reliance behavior. We review the reliance analysis methods in existing research and propose four criteria for selecting among them. It is recommended that, where possible, future studies define optimal reliance to make unequivocal judgment about the appropriateness of reliance. In addition, more reliable and; insightful conclusions can be obtained through the use of multiple measures.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Human reliance on imperfect automation has been the subject of many laboratory experiments. Across these studies, a diverse set of indices of reliance have been used, even in studies with similar experiment settings. This inconsistency of reliance measures makes the meta-analysis of experimental findings difficult. Moreover, few researchers have rigorously; defined the optimal level of automation reliance in their settings, making it difficult to judge the appropriateness of that reliance. This paper attempts to guide researchers in selecting and interpreting measures of automation reliance behavior. We review the reliance analysis methods in existing research and propose four criteria for selecting among them. It is recommended that, where possible, future studies define optimal reliance to make unequivocal judgment about the appropriateness of reliance. In addition, more reliable and; insightful conclusions can be obtained through the use of multiple measures.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2008-193]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[L. Wang; G. A. Jamieson; J. G. Hollands]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[automated systems, combat identification, reliance, reliability]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.080311_1356.Toronto_CR_2006_042.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Evolution and Implementation of Workload Algorithms in IPME]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Evolution and Implementation of Workload Algorithms in IPME]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.080311_1356.Toronto_CR_2006_042.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report documents a study to validate predictive workload models that are available within the Integrated Performance Modeling Environment (IPME). A literature review was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge of human workload and information processing, as well as to provide a review of the five IPME workload algorithms (VACP, W/Index, IP/PCT, POP, and POPIP). The results of the literature review indicated that, while the theories associated with human information processing are relatively mature, the predictive models of human workload integrated within IPME still require validation against human performance data. Analytical and empirical studies were then conducted within a combined Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Visual Bakan dual-task paradigm. The POP and POPIP analytical models more accurately predicted human subjective workload than did VACP and IP. The IP and POPIP analytical models predicted human performance in the Visual Bakan more accurately than did VACP and POP. All models were equally inaccurate in predicting ATC performance. Theoretical accounts of findings and practical implications for model development are discussed.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report documents a study to validate predictive workload models that are available within the Integrated Performance Modeling Environment (IPME). A literature review was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge of human workload and information processing, as well as to provide a review of the five IPME workload algorithms (VACP, W/Index, IP/PCT, POP, and POPIP). The results of the literature review indicated that, while the theories associated with human information processing are relatively mature, the predictive models of human workload integrated within IPME still require validation against human performance data. Analytical and empirical studies were then conducted within a combined Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Visual Bakan dual-task paradigm. The POP and POPIP analytical models more accurately predicted human subjective workload than did VACP and IP. The IP and POPIP analytical models predicted human performance in the Visual Bakan more accurately than did VACP and POP. All models were equally inaccurate in predicting ATC performance. Theoretical accounts of findings and practical implications for model development are discussed.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report documents a study to validate predictive workload models that are available within the Integrated Performance Modeling Environment (IPME). A literature review was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge of human workload and information processing, as well as to provide a review of the five IPME workload algorithms (VACP, W/Index, IP/PCT, POP, and POPIP). The results of the literature review indicated that, while the theories associated with human information processing are relatively mature, the predictive models of human workload integrated within IPME still require validation against human performance data. Analytical and empirical studies were then conducted within a combined Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Visual Bakan dual-task paradigm. The POP and POPIP analytical models more accurately predicted human subjective workload than did VACP and IP. The IP and POPIP analytical models predicted human performance in the Visual Bakan more accurately than did VACP and POP. All models were equally inaccurate in predicting ATC performance. Theoretical accounts of findings and practical implications for model development are discussed.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2006-042]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Joe Armstrong, Michelle Gauthier, Gerald Lai, Andy Belyavin, Chris Ryder, Brad Cain;]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Workload algorithm, Integrated Performance Modelling Environment]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080604_1311.Toronto_CR_2008_097.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Trust in Culturally Diverse Teams]]> <![CDATA[(Confiance au sein des équipes diversifiées sur le plan culturel)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Trust in Culturally Diverse Teams]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080604_1311.Toronto_CR_2008_097.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[As the Canadian Forces is becoming more culturally diverse and personnel are increasingly involved in complex multinational coalition operations, a critical issue is how military teams will be able to work efficiently and effectively despite the challenges posed by diversity. One of the major challenges for future military teams is that perceived differences among teammates could impede the development and maintenance of trust. This study investigates the impact of cultural diversity on trust in teams and on the management of trust violations within these teams.; Reserve force military personnel (n = 106) were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were asked to imagine themselves in a specific operational context with a hypothetical teammate. Participants were provided with a demographic profile about a hypothetical teammate, purported to be either from a similar culture (United States), a different culture (Bulgaria), or a very different culture (Sierra Leone). Participants then read an operational scenario involving themselves and the hypothetical teammate. In half of the missions, the teammate was depicted as committing a potential trust violation, with the other half of the missions having no violation. Pre and post-mission questionnaires examined participants’ trust and expectations about their teammate and mission success. Teammate behaviour attributions and ‘willingness to risk’ were assessed only post-mission.; Findings showed that cultural similarity i]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[As the Canadian Forces is becoming more culturally diverse and personnel are increasingly involved in complex multinational coalition operations, a critical issue is how military teams will be able to work efficiently and effectively despite the challenges posed by diversity. One of the major challenges for future military teams is that perceived differences among teammates could impede the development and maintenance of trust. This study investigates the impact of cultural diversity on trust in teams and on the management of trust violations within these teams.; Reserve force military personnel (n = 106) were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were asked to imagine themselves in a specific operational context with a hypothetical teammate. Participants were provided with a demographic profile about a hypothetical teammate, purported to be either from a similar culture (United States), a different culture (Bulgaria), or a very different culture (Sierra Leone). Participants then read an operational scenario involving themselves and the hypothetical teammate. In half of the missions, the teammate was depicted as committing a potential trust violation, with the other half of the missions having no violation. Pre and post-mission questionnaires examined participants’ trust and expectations about their teammate and mission success. Teammate behaviour attributions and ‘willingness to risk’ were assessed only post-mission.; Findings showed that cultural similarity i]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[As the Canadian Forces is becoming more culturally diverse and personnel are increasingly involved in complex multinational coalition operations, a critical issue is how military teams will be able to work efficiently and effectively despite the challenges posed by diversity. One of the major challenges for future military teams is that perceived differences among teammates could impede the development and maintenance of trust. This study investigates the impact of cultural diversity on trust in teams and on the management of trust violations within these teams.; Reserve force military personnel (n = 106) were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were asked to imagine themselves in a specific operational context with a hypothetical teammate. Participants were provided with a demographic profile about a hypothetical teammate, purported to be either from a similar culture (United States), a different culture (Bulgaria), or a very different culture (Sierra Leone). Participants then read an operational scenario involving themselves and the hypothetical teammate. In half of the missions, the teammate was depicted as committing a potential trust violation, with the other half of the missions having no violation. Pre and post-mission questionnaires examined participants’ trust and expectations about their teammate and mission success. Teammate behaviour attributions and ‘willingness to risk’ were assessed only post-mission.; Findings showed that cultural similarity i]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-097]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Andrea L. Brown; Barbara D. Adams; Julie J. Famewo; Cheryl L. Karthaus]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Canadian Forces; cultural diversity; military; teams; trust]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/kwulterk.090108_1045.Toronto_TM_2008_138.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[DRDC Toronto guidelines for compensation of subjects participating in research studies]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto guidelines for compensation of subjects participating in research studies]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/kwulterk.090108_1045.Toronto_TM_2008_138.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto is the Agency’s research centre that provides guidance, innovation and knowledge about the human’s response to the complex and stressful environments that impact CF members in preparation for, during and following humanitarian, peace-keeping and warfighting operations. The Agency has invested in DRDC Toronto to ensure that we can simulate and study these responses with human experimentation conducted by our scientists during in-house laboratory or field experimentation. Central to this capability is the need to recruit subjects, both military and civilian, that are willing to experience certain degrees of stress that are beyond what they would experience during their normal day, and/or that are willing to commit the time for participation that enables the study to be completed in an appropriate time-frame. New consolidated guidelines were needed to establish consistent and transparent procedures for generating rates of compensation that would still enable free and informed consent to be obtained according to Tri-Council Policy guidelines. The new guidelines are intended to be applicable for all studies involving human subjects at DRDC Toronto and perhaps could be extended, in principle, across the Agency. The report includes the rationale behind the development of these new guidelines together with examples of how to use the spreadsheet that will be available for all scientific and technical staff to apply to their studies.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto is the Agency’s research centre that provides guidance, innovation and knowledge about the human’s response to the complex and stressful environments that impact CF members in preparation for, during and following humanitarian, peace-keeping and warfighting operations. The Agency has invested in DRDC Toronto to ensure that we can simulate and study these responses with human experimentation conducted by our scientists during in-house laboratory or field experimentation. Central to this capability is the need to recruit subjects, both military and civilian, that are willing to experience certain degrees of stress that are beyond what they would experience during their normal day, and/or that are willing to commit the time for participation that enables the study to be completed in an appropriate time-frame. New consolidated guidelines were needed to establish consistent and transparent procedures for generating rates of compensation that would still enable free and informed consent to be obtained according to Tri-Council Policy guidelines. The new guidelines are intended to be applicable for all studies involving human subjects at DRDC Toronto and perhaps could be extended, in principle, across the Agency. The report includes the rationale behind the development of these new guidelines together with examples of how to use the spreadsheet that will be available for all scientific and technical staff to apply to their studies.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto is the Agency’s research centre that provides guidance, innovation and knowledge about the human’s response to the complex and stressful environments that impact CF members in preparation for, during and following humanitarian, peace-keeping and warfighting operations. The Agency has invested in DRDC Toronto to ensure that we can simulate and study these responses with human experimentation conducted by our scientists during in-house laboratory or field experimentation. Central to this capability is the need to recruit subjects, both military and civilian, that are willing to experience certain degrees of stress that are beyond what they would experience during their normal day, and/or that are willing to commit the time for participation that enables the study to be completed in an appropriate time-frame. New consolidated guidelines were needed to establish consistent and transparent procedures for generating rates of compensation that would still enable free and informed consent to be obtained according to Tri-Council Policy guidelines. The new guidelines are intended to be applicable for all studies involving human subjects at DRDC Toronto and perhaps could be extended, in principle, across the Agency. The report includes the rationale behind the development of these new guidelines together with examples of how to use the spreadsheet that will be available for all scientific and technical staff to apply to their studies.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2008-138]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Matthew Duncan; David Eaton; Tonya Hendriks; Allan Keefe; Tom M. McLellan; Robert D. Michas; Megan M. Thompso]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[human ethics, stress allowances, Tri-Council policy, informed consent]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/edrolet.080717_1118.Toronto_TR_2008_062.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Noise dosimetry survey of Land Force occupations]]> <![CDATA[(Relevé d’Exposition au Bruit d’Occupations de l’Armée de Terre)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Noise dosimetry survey of Land Force occupations]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/edrolet.080717_1118.Toronto_TR_2008_062.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This noise survey assessed the noise exposure sustained by combat arms personnel during a military exercise at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Petawawa in 2006. Participants were asked to wear personal noise dosimeters during various basic operations (Raid, Convoy and Infantry Rehearsal Operations). Exposure beyond the allowed limit was documented in some operations (Raid and Convoy). Despite exposures beyond suggested limits, no hearing protection was wore or made available to the soldiers during the entire duration of the military operation.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This noise survey assessed the noise exposure sustained by combat arms personnel during a military exercise at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Petawawa in 2006. Participants were asked to wear personal noise dosimeters during various basic operations (Raid, Convoy and Infantry Rehearsal Operations). Exposure beyond the allowed limit was documented in some operations (Raid and Convoy). Despite exposures beyond suggested limits, no hearing protection was wore or made available to the soldiers during the entire duration of the military operation.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This noise survey assessed the noise exposure sustained by combat arms personnel during a military exercise at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Petawawa in 2006. Participants were asked to wear personal noise dosimeters during various basic operations (Raid, Convoy and Infantry Rehearsal Operations). Exposure beyond the allowed limit was documented in some operations (Raid and Convoy). Despite exposures beyond suggested limits, no hearing protection was wore or made available to the soldiers during the entire duration of the military operation.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2008-062]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Eric Drolet; Sharon M. Abel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Noise; Dosimetry; Exposure; Land Force; NIHL]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091224_1137.DRDC CSS SL 2008-05.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Creating and Sustaining Meta-Organizational Memory: a Case Study]]> <![CDATA[(Créer et maintenir une mémoire méta-organisationnelle : une étude de cas)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Creating and Sustaining Meta-Organizational Memory: a Case Study]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.091224_1137.DRDC CSS SL 2008-05.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The case study of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological-Nuclear and Explosives (CBRNE) Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI), a Canadian government meta-organizational collaborative initiative, is presented. Multiple federal departments and agencies have a joint responsibility for creating a knowledge base and a national memory for the purposes of protecting the country against CBRNE threats posed by terrorists. The conditions of a meta-organization present particular opportunities and challenges for organizational learning and organizational memory. Organizational learning and knowledge management theory provide the premises for addressing these issues. An intentional knowledge management strategy has been instrumental in organizational learning, resulting in a knowledge base for a collective organizational memory. Ongoing challenges are being addressed by the strategy.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The case study of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological-Nuclear and Explosives (CBRNE) Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI), a Canadian government meta-organizational collaborative initiative, is presented. Multiple federal departments and agencies have a joint responsibility for creating a knowledge base and a national memory for the purposes of protecting the country against CBRNE threats posed by terrorists. The conditions of a meta-organization present particular opportunities and challenges for organizational learning and organizational memory. Organizational learning and knowledge management theory provide the premises for addressing these issues. An intentional knowledge management strategy has been instrumental in organizational learning, resulting in a knowledge base for a collective organizational memory. Ongoing challenges are being addressed by the strategy.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The case study of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological-Nuclear and Explosives (CBRNE) Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI), a Canadian government meta-organizational collaborative initiative, is presented. Multiple federal departments and agencies have a joint responsibility for creating a knowledge base and a national memory for the purposes of protecting the country against CBRNE threats posed by terrorists. The conditions of a meta-organization present particular opportunities and challenges for organizational learning and organizational memory. Organizational learning and knowledge management theory provide the premises for addressing these issues. An intentional knowledge management strategy has been instrumental in organizational learning, resulting in a knowledge base for a collective organizational memory. Ongoing challenges are being addressed by the strategy.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS SL 2008-05]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Susan G. McIntyre]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Organizational learning; Knowledge management strategies; Meta-organizations; Co]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080708_1547.toronto_CR_2008_120.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Development and Validation of the Trust in Teams Scale and Trust in Leaders Scale – Preliminary Report]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[The Development and Validation of the Trust in Teams Scale and Trust in Leaders Scale – Preliminary Report]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080708_1547.toronto_CR_2008_120.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report represents the first draft of a paper describing the creation of scales to measure a) trust in teams and b) trust in a team leader in the context of army units. This work begins with an examination of the existing literature on the measurement of trust in others, trust in a leader and trust in teams, and the implications for measure development is reviewed. The scale development process for the trust in teams and trust in leader scales, including conceptual decisions is then described. The results of two studies exploring the psychometric properties of these scales also presented. We conclude with recommendations for further refinement.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report represents the first draft of a paper describing the creation of scales to measure a) trust in teams and b) trust in a team leader in the context of army units. This work begins with an examination of the existing literature on the measurement of trust in others, trust in a leader and trust in teams, and the implications for measure development is reviewed. The scale development process for the trust in teams and trust in leader scales, including conceptual decisions is then described. The results of two studies exploring the psychometric properties of these scales also presented. We conclude with recommendations for further refinement.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report represents the first draft of a paper describing the creation of scales to measure a) trust in teams and b) trust in a team leader in the context of army units. This work begins with an examination of the existing literature on the measurement of trust in others, trust in a leader and trust in teams, and the implications for measure development is reviewed. The scale development process for the trust in teams and trust in leader scales, including conceptual decisions is then described. The results of two studies exploring the psychometric properties of these scales also presented. We conclude with recommendations for further refinement.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-120]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Barbara D. Adams]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Trust in Leader Scale, Trust in Team Scale, scale development, scale validation]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sstergio.080704_1507.Toronto-TR-2008-104.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Cardiac Motion Effects in Multi-Slice Medical CT Imaging Applications]]> <![CDATA[(Effets du mouvement cardiaque en tomodensitométrie médicale multicouche)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Cardiac Motion Effects in Multi-Slice Medical CT Imaging Applications]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sstergio.080704_1507.Toronto-TR-2008-104.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report presents processing concepts that have the potential to remove artifacts due to cardiac motion in multi-slice x-ray CT medical imaging applications and produce better quality diagnostic images. By using signal processing techniques, the CT projection data sets, associated with the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, when the heart is moving the least, are identified automatically and without ECG triggering and used by image reconstruction algorithms to produce transverse images of the chest area. In this report, two different techniques have been suggested for the identification of the phases of the cardiac cycle and both produce identical results. The first technique employs the concept of the spatial overlap correlator (SOC) followed by a special unwrapping filter while the second technique exploits the property of constant attenuation of the Radon transform in order to track the phases of cardiac motion. Comparison of these two techniques with the conventional approach, known as ECG retrospective gating (which uses ECG signal to track cardiac phase), shows more accurate tracking of cardiac phases. The present material extends the processing concept introduced in [21] and [22] on correction of motion artifacts from single-slice CT into multi-slice helical CT medical imaging applications. These new processing concepts were tested with the 3D Shepp Logan phantom as well as human patient’s data and were successful in identifying the projection data associated with]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report presents processing concepts that have the potential to remove artifacts due to cardiac motion in multi-slice x-ray CT medical imaging applications and produce better quality diagnostic images. By using signal processing techniques, the CT projection data sets, associated with the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, when the heart is moving the least, are identified automatically and without ECG triggering and used by image reconstruction algorithms to produce transverse images of the chest area. In this report, two different techniques have been suggested for the identification of the phases of the cardiac cycle and both produce identical results. The first technique employs the concept of the spatial overlap correlator (SOC) followed by a special unwrapping filter while the second technique exploits the property of constant attenuation of the Radon transform in order to track the phases of cardiac motion. Comparison of these two techniques with the conventional approach, known as ECG retrospective gating (which uses ECG signal to track cardiac phase), shows more accurate tracking of cardiac phases. The present material extends the processing concept introduced in [21] and [22] on correction of motion artifacts from single-slice CT into multi-slice helical CT medical imaging applications. These new processing concepts were tested with the 3D Shepp Logan phantom as well as human patient’s data and were successful in identifying the projection data associated with]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report presents processing concepts that have the potential to remove artifacts due to cardiac motion in multi-slice x-ray CT medical imaging applications and produce better quality diagnostic images. By using signal processing techniques, the CT projection data sets, associated with the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, when the heart is moving the least, are identified automatically and without ECG triggering and used by image reconstruction algorithms to produce transverse images of the chest area. In this report, two different techniques have been suggested for the identification of the phases of the cardiac cycle and both produce identical results. The first technique employs the concept of the spatial overlap correlator (SOC) followed by a special unwrapping filter while the second technique exploits the property of constant attenuation of the Radon transform in order to track the phases of cardiac motion. Comparison of these two techniques with the conventional approach, known as ECG retrospective gating (which uses ECG signal to track cardiac phase), shows more accurate tracking of cardiac phases. The present material extends the processing concept introduced in [21] and [22] on correction of motion artifacts from single-slice CT into multi-slice helical CT medical imaging applications. These new processing concepts were tested with the 3D Shepp Logan phantom as well as human patient’s data and were successful in identifying the projection data associated with]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2008-104]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Stergios Stergiopoulos; Waheed Younis]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[2D Shepp-Logan Phantom; 3D Shepp Logan phantom; 3D visualization; 180o Interpola]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sstergio.080704_1524.Toronto_TR_2008_101.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Advanced Beamformers]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Advanced Beamformers]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sstergio.080704_1524.Toronto_TR_2008_101.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim with this report is to bring together some of the recent theoretical developments on beamformers; and provide suggestions of how modern technology can be applied to the development of current and next generation ultrasound systems and integrated active and passive sonars. It will focus on the development of an advanced beamforming structure that allows the implementation of adaptive and synthetic aperture signal processing techniques in ultrasound systems and integrated active-passive sonars deploying multi-dimensional arrays of sensors.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim with this report is to bring together some of the recent theoretical developments on beamformers; and provide suggestions of how modern technology can be applied to the development of current and next generation ultrasound systems and integrated active and passive sonars. It will focus on the development of an advanced beamforming structure that allows the implementation of adaptive and synthetic aperture signal processing techniques in ultrasound systems and integrated active-passive sonars deploying multi-dimensional arrays of sensors.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The aim with this report is to bring together some of the recent theoretical developments on beamformers; and provide suggestions of how modern technology can be applied to the development of current and next generation ultrasound systems and integrated active and passive sonars. It will focus on the development of an advanced beamforming structure that allows the implementation of adaptive and synthetic aperture signal processing techniques in ultrasound systems and integrated active-passive sonars deploying multi-dimensional arrays of sensors.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2008-101]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Stergios Stergiopoulos]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Acoustic scattering,, Beam steering, Bi-static active sonar, Circular array, Cov]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sstergio.080704_1448.Toronto_TR_2008_105.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Non-Invasive Monitoring of Vital Signs and Traumatic Brain Injuries]]> <![CDATA[(Surveillance non invasive des signes vitaux et des traumatismes cérébraux)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Non-Invasive Monitoring of Vital Signs and Traumatic Brain Injuries]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sstergio.080704_1448.Toronto_TR_2008_105.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes signal processing structures, in the field of non-invasive vital signs diagnostic applications, that consist of adaptive noise cancellation techniques combined with FIR filters, pattern recognition algorithms, correlation functions and time delay estimation techniques using FFT implementation. ; The relevant system concepts, that can be derived from the discussion of this report, can address most of the medical requirements for non-invasive monitoring of vital signs in hospital emergency departments, ambulances, hospital intensive & after care, home care and applications for family medical clinics, insurances, old-age nursing homes and far-forward operations of interest for the Canadian Forces.; Reference [23] has already introduced the signal processing structures of advanced 3D medical imaging modalities such as 3D ultrasound. In this report we will focus on the challenging signal processing problems in monitoring blood pressure, non-visible brain traumatic injuries and other brain abnormalities. The system technologies for monitoring the remaining vitals signs (i.e. EEG, ECG, core temperature, pulse oxymeter) have reached already a mature state of development and their signal processing structures are simple and therefore, are beyond the scope of this report.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes signal processing structures, in the field of non-invasive vital signs diagnostic applications, that consist of adaptive noise cancellation techniques combined with FIR filters, pattern recognition algorithms, correlation functions and time delay estimation techniques using FFT implementation. ; The relevant system concepts, that can be derived from the discussion of this report, can address most of the medical requirements for non-invasive monitoring of vital signs in hospital emergency departments, ambulances, hospital intensive & after care, home care and applications for family medical clinics, insurances, old-age nursing homes and far-forward operations of interest for the Canadian Forces.; Reference [23] has already introduced the signal processing structures of advanced 3D medical imaging modalities such as 3D ultrasound. In this report we will focus on the challenging signal processing problems in monitoring blood pressure, non-visible brain traumatic injuries and other brain abnormalities. The system technologies for monitoring the remaining vitals signs (i.e. EEG, ECG, core temperature, pulse oxymeter) have reached already a mature state of development and their signal processing structures are simple and therefore, are beyond the scope of this report.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes signal processing structures, in the field of non-invasive vital signs diagnostic applications, that consist of adaptive noise cancellation techniques combined with FIR filters, pattern recognition algorithms, correlation functions and time delay estimation techniques using FFT implementation. ; The relevant system concepts, that can be derived from the discussion of this report, can address most of the medical requirements for non-invasive monitoring of vital signs in hospital emergency departments, ambulances, hospital intensive & after care, home care and applications for family medical clinics, insurances, old-age nursing homes and far-forward operations of interest for the Canadian Forces.; Reference [23] has already introduced the signal processing structures of advanced 3D medical imaging modalities such as 3D ultrasound. In this report we will focus on the challenging signal processing problems in monitoring blood pressure, non-visible brain traumatic injuries and other brain abnormalities. The system technologies for monitoring the remaining vitals signs (i.e. EEG, ECG, core temperature, pulse oxymeter) have reached already a mature state of development and their signal processing structures are simple and therefore, are beyond the scope of this report.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TR 2008-105]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Stergios Stergiopoulos, Andreas Friebert, Fan Jason Zhang, Dimitrios Hatzinakos]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[adaptive interference cancellation (AIC); auscultatory method; automated blood p]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/chapmand.080618_0721.TM 2008-121.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Sinusoidal Vertical Motion of a Sonobuoy Suspension: Experimental Data and a Theoretical Model]]> <![CDATA[(Mouvements verticaux sinusoïdaux du mécanisme de suspension de la bouée acoustique : données expérimentales et modèle théorique)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Sinusoidal Vertical Motion of a Sonobuoy Suspension: Experimental Data and a Theoretical Model]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/chapmand.080618_0721.TM 2008-121.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[To isolate its acoustic sensor from the large vertical motions of the buoy at the ocean surface, a typical sonobuoy employs a low-pass mechanical filter comprising a bungee cord (spring) and a damper disk (hydrodynamic added mass and damping). If the system were to behave as a driven simple harmonic oscillator, the transfer function of vertical motion would roll off at 40 dB/decade above resonance; however, experimental systems of this sort exhibit a rolloff of approximately 30 dB/decade. Experiments have shown that the inertia coefficient CI and the drag coefficient CD of a circular disk in sinusoidal motion are in fact not constants, but depend on the dimensionless ratio of amplitude of motion to disk diameter, A/d. Incorporating this concept, the simple harmonic oscillator model has been enhanced to produce an iterative model for the transfer function of the bungee/disk system that agrees well with experimental data. Well above resonance, the model simplifies to an expression giving a 27 dB/decade rolloff.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[To isolate its acoustic sensor from the large vertical motions of the buoy at the ocean surface, a typical sonobuoy employs a low-pass mechanical filter comprising a bungee cord (spring) and a damper disk (hydrodynamic added mass and damping). If the system were to behave as a driven simple harmonic oscillator, the transfer function of vertical motion would roll off at 40 dB/decade above resonance; however, experimental systems of this sort exhibit a rolloff of approximately 30 dB/decade. Experiments have shown that the inertia coefficient CI and the drag coefficient CD of a circular disk in sinusoidal motion are in fact not constants, but depend on the dimensionless ratio of amplitude of motion to disk diameter, A/d. Incorporating this concept, the simple harmonic oscillator model has been enhanced to produce an iterative model for the transfer function of the bungee/disk system that agrees well with experimental data. Well above resonance, the model simplifies to an expression giving a 27 dB/decade rolloff.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[To isolate its acoustic sensor from the large vertical motions of the buoy at the ocean surface, a typical sonobuoy employs a low-pass mechanical filter comprising a bungee cord (spring) and a damper disk (hydrodynamic added mass and damping). If the system were to behave as a driven simple harmonic oscillator, the transfer function of vertical motion would roll off at 40 dB/decade above resonance; however, experimental systems of this sort exhibit a rolloff of approximately 30 dB/decade. Experiments have shown that the inertia coefficient CI and the drag coefficient CD of a circular disk in sinusoidal motion are in fact not constants, but depend on the dimensionless ratio of amplitude of motion to disk diameter, A/d. Incorporating this concept, the simple harmonic oscillator model has been enhanced to produce an iterative model for the transfer function of the bungee/disk system that agrees well with experimental data. Well above resonance, the model simplifies to an expression giving a 27 dB/decade rolloff.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[TM 2008-121]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David M. F. Chapman, Dusko B.A Kezele]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[sonobuoys, suspension, ocean waves, resonance, drag coefficent, hydrodynamic add]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.071203_1005.toronto_SL_2007_075.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Mild endotoxemia, NF-kB translocation, and cytokine increase during exertional heat stress in trained and untrained individuals]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Mild endotoxemia, NF-kB translocation, and cytokine increase during exertional heat stress in trained and untrained individuals]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.071203_1005.toronto_SL_2007_075.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study examined intranuclear NF-&#61547;B translocation in circulating blood leukocytes during exertional heat stress (EHS). Twenty-three male subjects were divided into trained (TR, n=12, = 70 ± 2 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) and untrained (UT, n=11, = 50 ± 1 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) groups prior to walking at 4.5 km•h-1 with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40°C; 30% R.H.), wearing protective clothing until specific end-point criteria were attained. Venous whole blood samples were collected at baseline and 0.5°C rectal temperature increments, including 38.0°C, 38.5°C, 39.0°C, 39.5°C and 40.0°/exhaustion (Exh), and then analyzed immediately by flow cytometry. Baseline and Exh samples were further stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cultured in vitro in a water-bath (37°C, 30 min, 100ng/mL) prior to acquisition. Phenotypic determination of natural killer (NK) lymphocyte frequency was also determined. Comparison of the changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) (minus NK) counts revealed a greater inflammatory activation for a given level of thermal strain below 39.0°C in UT compared to TR. In addition, a transient peak in PBMC NF-&#61547;B protein content was observed prior to Exh at 38.5°C in UT and 39.5°C in TR. In contrast, TR polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibited a hyper-reactive response throughout the trial. Alterations in LPS-induced NF-&#61547;B protein content were also observed post EHS. These combined findings demonstrate an increase in NF-&amp]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study examined intranuclear NF-&#61547;B translocation in circulating blood leukocytes during exertional heat stress (EHS). Twenty-three male subjects were divided into trained (TR, n=12, = 70 ± 2 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) and untrained (UT, n=11, = 50 ± 1 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) groups prior to walking at 4.5 km•h-1 with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40°C; 30% R.H.), wearing protective clothing until specific end-point criteria were attained. Venous whole blood samples were collected at baseline and 0.5°C rectal temperature increments, including 38.0°C, 38.5°C, 39.0°C, 39.5°C and 40.0°/exhaustion (Exh), and then analyzed immediately by flow cytometry. Baseline and Exh samples were further stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cultured in vitro in a water-bath (37°C, 30 min, 100ng/mL) prior to acquisition. Phenotypic determination of natural killer (NK) lymphocyte frequency was also determined. Comparison of the changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) (minus NK) counts revealed a greater inflammatory activation for a given level of thermal strain below 39.0°C in UT compared to TR. In addition, a transient peak in PBMC NF-&#61547;B protein content was observed prior to Exh at 38.5°C in UT and 39.5°C in TR. In contrast, TR polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibited a hyper-reactive response throughout the trial. Alterations in LPS-induced NF-&#61547;B protein content were also observed post EHS. These combined findings demonstrate an increase in NF-&amp]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study examined intranuclear NF-&#61547;B translocation in circulating blood leukocytes during exertional heat stress (EHS). Twenty-three male subjects were divided into trained (TR, n=12, = 70 ± 2 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) and untrained (UT, n=11, = 50 ± 1 mL•kgLBM-1•min-1) groups prior to walking at 4.5 km•h-1 with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40°C; 30% R.H.), wearing protective clothing until specific end-point criteria were attained. Venous whole blood samples were collected at baseline and 0.5°C rectal temperature increments, including 38.0°C, 38.5°C, 39.0°C, 39.5°C and 40.0°/exhaustion (Exh), and then analyzed immediately by flow cytometry. Baseline and Exh samples were further stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cultured in vitro in a water-bath (37°C, 30 min, 100ng/mL) prior to acquisition. Phenotypic determination of natural killer (NK) lymphocyte frequency was also determined. Comparison of the changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) (minus NK) counts revealed a greater inflammatory activation for a given level of thermal strain below 39.0°C in UT compared to TR. In addition, a transient peak in PBMC NF-&#61547;B protein content was observed prior to Exh at 38.5°C in UT and 39.5°C in TR. In contrast, TR polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibited a hyper-reactive response throughout the trial. Alterations in LPS-induced NF-&#61547;B protein content were also observed post EHS. These combined findings demonstrate an increase in NF-&amp]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-175]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Glen A. Selkirk ; Tom M. McLellan ; Heather E. Wright; Shawn G. Rhind]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, flow cytometr]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.080627_0650.CSS Summer Symposium Proceedings _2008_B">
<title>
<![CDATA[Public Security S&T Summer Symposium 2008: Enhancing Capability Through Transition and Exploitation.]]> <![CDATA[(Symposium d’été sur la S et T pour la sécurité publique: ACCROÎTRE LA CAPACITÉ AU MOYEN DE LA TRANSITION ET DE L’EXPLOITATION.)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Public Security S&T Summer Symposium 2008: Enhancing Capability Through Transition and Exploitation.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mmgreene.080627_0650.CSS Summer Symposium Proceedings _2008_B
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Centre for Security Science (CSS) is a joint endeavour between the Department of National Defence (DND) and Public Safety Canada. DRDC CSS was created in March 2006 to coordinate science and technology (S&T) that addresses national public safety and security objectives. DRDC CSS currently manages three programs: the CBRNE Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI), the Public Security Technical Program (PSTP), and the Canadian Police Research Centre (CPRC). Through these programs, investments are made in projects to address Canada’s ability to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and; recover from high-consequence public safety and security events.; This year’s Public Security S&T Summer Symposium at the Sheraton in Edmonton, Alberta, will highlight the S&T tools and knowledge created by the CRTI project partners in the field of CBRNE research, as well as the new way forward for the PSTP and CPRC programs.; Now in its seventh year, CRTI is a unique, cross-organizational program that has invested more than $200 million in S&T projects in the CBRNE domain. Projects fall into four categories: research and technology development (RD),technology acceleration (TA), technology demonstration (TD), and technology acquisition projects. Many of the projects have gained recognition within the S&T, national security, and public safety communities, and have enhanced Canada’s ability to respond to CBRNE hazards.; The followi]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Centre for Security Science (CSS) is a joint endeavour between the Department of National Defence (DND) and Public Safety Canada. DRDC CSS was created in March 2006 to coordinate science and technology (S&T) that addresses national public safety and security objectives. DRDC CSS currently manages three programs: the CBRNE Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI), the Public Security Technical Program (PSTP), and the Canadian Police Research Centre (CPRC). Through these programs, investments are made in projects to address Canada’s ability to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and; recover from high-consequence public safety and security events.; This year’s Public Security S&T Summer Symposium at the Sheraton in Edmonton, Alberta, will highlight the S&T tools and knowledge created by the CRTI project partners in the field of CBRNE research, as well as the new way forward for the PSTP and CPRC programs.; Now in its seventh year, CRTI is a unique, cross-organizational program that has invested more than $200 million in S&T projects in the CBRNE domain. Projects fall into four categories: research and technology development (RD),technology acceleration (TA), technology demonstration (TD), and technology acquisition projects. Many of the projects have gained recognition within the S&T, national security, and public safety communities, and have enhanced Canada’s ability to respond to CBRNE hazards.; The followi]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Centre for Security Science (CSS) is a joint endeavour between the Department of National Defence (DND) and Public Safety Canada. DRDC CSS was created in March 2006 to coordinate science and technology (S&T) that addresses national public safety and security objectives. DRDC CSS currently manages three programs: the CBRNE Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI), the Public Security Technical Program (PSTP), and the Canadian Police Research Centre (CPRC). Through these programs, investments are made in projects to address Canada’s ability to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and; recover from high-consequence public safety and security events.; This year’s Public Security S&T Summer Symposium at the Sheraton in Edmonton, Alberta, will highlight the S&T tools and knowledge created by the CRTI project partners in the field of CBRNE research, as well as the new way forward for the PSTP and CPRC programs.; Now in its seventh year, CRTI is a unique, cross-organizational program that has invested more than $200 million in S&T projects in the CBRNE domain. Projects fall into four categories: research and technology development (RD),technology acceleration (TA), technology demonstration (TD), and technology acquisition projects. Many of the projects have gained recognition within the S&T, national security, and public safety communities, and have enhanced Canada’s ability to respond to CBRNE hazards.; The followi]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC CSS]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[DRDC CSS SL- 2008-03]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Centre for Secuity Science; Summer Symposium; Proceedings; CBRNE; Bioterrorism;]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.071206_0959.Toronto_SL_2007_177.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Barriers to hearing conservation programs in combat arms occupations.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Barriers to hearing conservation programs in combat arms occupations.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.071206_0959.Toronto_SL_2007_177.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Canadian military instituted a hearing conservation program 50 years ago. Yet the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss is escalating. A focus group study involving four combat arms trades was carried out to probe individuals’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors with respect to hearing loss prevention to find ways to improve compliance. Four groups of four or five Infantry Soldiers, Artillerymen, Armoured Soldiers, and Combat Engineers, respectively, with the rank of Warrant Officer, Sergeant or Master Corporal and at least five years of service participated. Discussions were led by a Moderator and recorded by an Assistant Moderator. Questions posed related to susceptibility for and consequences of hearing loss, benefits and drawbacks of hearing protection and preferences. Age range was 28-48 years and length of service 17-30 years. Individuals were exposed to noise from small and large calibre weapons, explosives, vehicles, and aircraft. Infantry Soldiers and Artillerymen had confirmed moderate to severe hearing loss. Armoured Soldiers and Combat Engineers had not perceived a change. Main concerns of using hearing protection during combat were interference with detection and localization of auditory warnings, and perception of orders. Devices were often incompatible with communication systems, difficult to fit and uncomfortable. The occupations were hearing critical. Difference in hearing loss among groups was related to type and level of noise exposure. Loss of hearin]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Canadian military instituted a hearing conservation program 50 years ago. Yet the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss is escalating. A focus group study involving four combat arms trades was carried out to probe individuals’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors with respect to hearing loss prevention to find ways to improve compliance. Four groups of four or five Infantry Soldiers, Artillerymen, Armoured Soldiers, and Combat Engineers, respectively, with the rank of Warrant Officer, Sergeant or Master Corporal and at least five years of service participated. Discussions were led by a Moderator and recorded by an Assistant Moderator. Questions posed related to susceptibility for and consequences of hearing loss, benefits and drawbacks of hearing protection and preferences. Age range was 28-48 years and length of service 17-30 years. Individuals were exposed to noise from small and large calibre weapons, explosives, vehicles, and aircraft. Infantry Soldiers and Artillerymen had confirmed moderate to severe hearing loss. Armoured Soldiers and Combat Engineers had not perceived a change. Main concerns of using hearing protection during combat were interference with detection and localization of auditory warnings, and perception of orders. Devices were often incompatible with communication systems, difficult to fit and uncomfortable. The occupations were hearing critical. Difference in hearing loss among groups was related to type and level of noise exposure. Loss of hearin]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The Canadian military instituted a hearing conservation program 50 years ago. Yet the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss is escalating. A focus group study involving four combat arms trades was carried out to probe individuals’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors with respect to hearing loss prevention to find ways to improve compliance. Four groups of four or five Infantry Soldiers, Artillerymen, Armoured Soldiers, and Combat Engineers, respectively, with the rank of Warrant Officer, Sergeant or Master Corporal and at least five years of service participated. Discussions were led by a Moderator and recorded by an Assistant Moderator. Questions posed related to susceptibility for and consequences of hearing loss, benefits and drawbacks of hearing protection and preferences. Age range was 28-48 years and length of service 17-30 years. Individuals were exposed to noise from small and large calibre weapons, explosives, vehicles, and aircraft. Infantry Soldiers and Artillerymen had confirmed moderate to severe hearing loss. Armoured Soldiers and Combat Engineers had not perceived a change. Main concerns of using hearing protection during combat were interference with detection and localization of auditory warnings, and perception of orders. Devices were often incompatible with communication systems, difficult to fit and uncomfortable. The occupations were hearing critical. Difference in hearing loss among groups was related to type and level of noise exposure. Loss of hearin]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-177]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sharon M. Abel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[focus groups; noise exposure; noise-induced hearing loss; hearing protection]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080530_1344.toronto_CR_2008_098.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Collaborative Team Decision-Making in a Realistic CF Training Scenario]]> <![CDATA[(Prise de décision collective en équipe dans un scénario d’entraînement réaliste des FC)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Collaborative Team Decision-Making in a Realistic CF Training Scenario]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080530_1344.toronto_CR_2008_098.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[As part of a Canadian Forces (CF) pre-deployment training course, military personnel participate in several realistic training exercises. One such exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees encounter armed police (a sergeant and constable) verbally and physically abusing two civilians and forcing them to dig what could be their own graves. The civilians plead for their lives, continuously declaring their innocence and imminent death should the trainees leave. The trainees are kept at a distance (approximately 60 feet) from the two civilians by the lead police officer, the sergeant (Sgt). Trainee teams led by a designated team leader and consisting of 2 to 4 members must negotiate with him only. Team members observe the proceedings between the Sgt and the team leader, providing few opportunities to collaborate with their team. Trainees are challenged to use the negotiation skills they have learned to fulfil their mission mandate, and to advocate for the fair treatment of the civilians to promote a successful resolution for all parties. ; The current study was initiated in response to the findings of two previous two studies (Thomson & Adams, 2007; Thomson, Adams, & Waldherr, 2008), in which team members have shown significantly more motivation to redo the scenario than team leaders. One possible explanation for this finding was that team members were not able to provide adequate input into the negotiation because the team leaders co]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[As part of a Canadian Forces (CF) pre-deployment training course, military personnel participate in several realistic training exercises. One such exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees encounter armed police (a sergeant and constable) verbally and physically abusing two civilians and forcing them to dig what could be their own graves. The civilians plead for their lives, continuously declaring their innocence and imminent death should the trainees leave. The trainees are kept at a distance (approximately 60 feet) from the two civilians by the lead police officer, the sergeant (Sgt). Trainee teams led by a designated team leader and consisting of 2 to 4 members must negotiate with him only. Team members observe the proceedings between the Sgt and the team leader, providing few opportunities to collaborate with their team. Trainees are challenged to use the negotiation skills they have learned to fulfil their mission mandate, and to advocate for the fair treatment of the civilians to promote a successful resolution for all parties. ; The current study was initiated in response to the findings of two previous two studies (Thomson & Adams, 2007; Thomson, Adams, & Waldherr, 2008), in which team members have shown significantly more motivation to redo the scenario than team leaders. One possible explanation for this finding was that team members were not able to provide adequate input into the negotiation because the team leaders co]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[As part of a Canadian Forces (CF) pre-deployment training course, military personnel participate in several realistic training exercises. One such exercise simulates a human rights violation. In this scenario, unarmed trainees encounter armed police (a sergeant and constable) verbally and physically abusing two civilians and forcing them to dig what could be their own graves. The civilians plead for their lives, continuously declaring their innocence and imminent death should the trainees leave. The trainees are kept at a distance (approximately 60 feet) from the two civilians by the lead police officer, the sergeant (Sgt). Trainee teams led by a designated team leader and consisting of 2 to 4 members must negotiate with him only. Team members observe the proceedings between the Sgt and the team leader, providing few opportunities to collaborate with their team. Trainees are challenged to use the negotiation skills they have learned to fulfil their mission mandate, and to advocate for the fair treatment of the civilians to promote a successful resolution for all parties. ; The current study was initiated in response to the findings of two previous two studies (Thomson & Adams, 2007; Thomson, Adams, & Waldherr, 2008), in which team members have shown significantly more motivation to redo the scenario than team leaders. One possible explanation for this finding was that team members were not able to provide adequate input into the negotiation because the team leaders co]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-098]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Michael H. Thomson; Barbara D. Adams; Courtney D. Tario;Andrea L. Brown]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[moral, ethics, Canadian Forces; decision making; training]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.070430_1121.toronto_SL_2007_080.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Chemical-Biological Protective Clothing: Effects of Design and Initial State on Physiological Strain]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Chemical-Biological Protective Clothing: Effects of Design and Initial State on Physiological Strain]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.070430_1121.toronto_SL_2007_080.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[New biological and chemical protective uniforms lower heat strain and increase tolerance time (TT) when worn in the highest protective dress state (DShigh). However, these garments also are intended to replace the battle dress uniform (BDU) and to be worn when the threat is low (DSlow). The purposes of this study were to examine whether heat strain during DSlow impacted TT after the transition to DShigh and to determine whether vents in the arms and legs of the uniform reduced heat strain during DSlow and increased TT. Eight males (31 ± 11 y, 80 ± 16 kg) performed 4 trials at 35ºC, 50% humidity with 1 m/s wind walking at 4.5 km/h for 90 min in DSlow and up to a further 90 min in DShigh. Trial A subjects wore BDU in DSlow with an overgarment during DShigh. Trial B was a 1-piece uniform in DSlow and DShigh whereas trials C and D involved wearing a 2-piece uniform. During D vents along the arm and upper and lower leg were opened in DSlow but closed during DShigh. Also worn were a fragmentation and tactical assault vest and a helmet. Heart rates were reduced during DSlow for A and D (114 ± 13) versus B and C (122 ± 18). Rectal temperature (Tre) increased the least in DSlow for A (0.86 ± 0.23ºC) versus the other trials and was significantly lower for D (1.02 ± 0.25ºC) versus C (1.11 ± 0.27ºC). Tre increased rapidly during DShigh for A, which also had the shortest TT (40 ± 9 min). The increased thermal strain during DSlow for B offset its theoretical advantage in DShigh and TT (46]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[New biological and chemical protective uniforms lower heat strain and increase tolerance time (TT) when worn in the highest protective dress state (DShigh). However, these garments also are intended to replace the battle dress uniform (BDU) and to be worn when the threat is low (DSlow). The purposes of this study were to examine whether heat strain during DSlow impacted TT after the transition to DShigh and to determine whether vents in the arms and legs of the uniform reduced heat strain during DSlow and increased TT. Eight males (31 ± 11 y, 80 ± 16 kg) performed 4 trials at 35ºC, 50% humidity with 1 m/s wind walking at 4.5 km/h for 90 min in DSlow and up to a further 90 min in DShigh. Trial A subjects wore BDU in DSlow with an overgarment during DShigh. Trial B was a 1-piece uniform in DSlow and DShigh whereas trials C and D involved wearing a 2-piece uniform. During D vents along the arm and upper and lower leg were opened in DSlow but closed during DShigh. Also worn were a fragmentation and tactical assault vest and a helmet. Heart rates were reduced during DSlow for A and D (114 ± 13) versus B and C (122 ± 18). Rectal temperature (Tre) increased the least in DSlow for A (0.86 ± 0.23ºC) versus the other trials and was significantly lower for D (1.02 ± 0.25ºC) versus C (1.11 ± 0.27ºC). Tre increased rapidly during DShigh for A, which also had the shortest TT (40 ± 9 min). The increased thermal strain during DSlow for B offset its theoretical advantage in DShigh and TT (46]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[New biological and chemical protective uniforms lower heat strain and increase tolerance time (TT) when worn in the highest protective dress state (DShigh). However, these garments also are intended to replace the battle dress uniform (BDU) and to be worn when the threat is low (DSlow). The purposes of this study were to examine whether heat strain during DSlow impacted TT after the transition to DShigh and to determine whether vents in the arms and legs of the uniform reduced heat strain during DSlow and increased TT. Eight males (31 ± 11 y, 80 ± 16 kg) performed 4 trials at 35ºC, 50% humidity with 1 m/s wind walking at 4.5 km/h for 90 min in DSlow and up to a further 90 min in DShigh. Trial A subjects wore BDU in DSlow with an overgarment during DShigh. Trial B was a 1-piece uniform in DSlow and DShigh whereas trials C and D involved wearing a 2-piece uniform. During D vents along the arm and upper and lower leg were opened in DSlow but closed during DShigh. Also worn were a fragmentation and tactical assault vest and a helmet. Heart rates were reduced during DSlow for A and D (114 ± 13) versus B and C (122 ± 18). Rectal temperature (Tre) increased the least in DSlow for A (0.86 ± 0.23ºC) versus the other trials and was significantly lower for D (1.02 ± 0.25ºC) versus C (1.11 ± 0.27ºC). Tre increased rapidly during DShigh for A, which also had the shortest TT (40 ± 9 min). The increased thermal strain during DSlow for B offset its theoretical advantage in DShigh and TT (46]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-080]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Tom M. McLellan]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[uncompensable heat stress, physiological strain, wind, evaporative heat loss]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080331_0903.Toronto_SL_2008_055.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Individual Difference Theory and Research: Application to Multinational Coalition Teamwork]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Individual Difference Theory and Research: Application to Multinational Coalition Teamwork]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.080331_0903.Toronto_SL_2008_055.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A guiding principle of the work of this panel on multinational coalitions is an acknowledgement of the multitude of factors that can affect teamwork under such challenging conditions. Individual differences in cognitive processing is one such factor that the panel has cited as relevant to effective operations of teams in general, and multinational teams, more specifically. The current talk will provide an overview of individual difference factors that could be investigated to facilitate adaptability in teamwork within multinational coalitions. I begin by briefly discussing individual differences in general and then specify several constructs that may play a role in teamwork. The talk will also review the extant experimental literature. The talk will conclude with my suggestions for future research concerning individual differences that might be relevant to adaptability in coalition teamwork.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A guiding principle of the work of this panel on multinational coalitions is an acknowledgement of the multitude of factors that can affect teamwork under such challenging conditions. Individual differences in cognitive processing is one such factor that the panel has cited as relevant to effective operations of teams in general, and multinational teams, more specifically. The current talk will provide an overview of individual difference factors that could be investigated to facilitate adaptability in teamwork within multinational coalitions. I begin by briefly discussing individual differences in general and then specify several constructs that may play a role in teamwork. The talk will also review the extant experimental literature. The talk will conclude with my suggestions for future research concerning individual differences that might be relevant to adaptability in coalition teamwork.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A guiding principle of the work of this panel on multinational coalitions is an acknowledgement of the multitude of factors that can affect teamwork under such challenging conditions. Individual differences in cognitive processing is one such factor that the panel has cited as relevant to effective operations of teams in general, and multinational teams, more specifically. The current talk will provide an overview of individual difference factors that could be investigated to facilitate adaptability in teamwork within multinational coalitions. I begin by briefly discussing individual differences in general and then specify several constructs that may play a role in teamwork. The talk will also review the extant experimental literature. The talk will conclude with my suggestions for future research concerning individual differences that might be relevant to adaptability in coalition teamwork.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2008-055]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Megan M. Thompson]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[individual differences, teams, teamwork, multinational coalitions]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/c_kotscha.090127_1448.Toronto_CR_2008_115.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of a Shoulder Fragmentation Protection Brassard Design]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Evaluation of a Shoulder Fragmentation Protection Brassard Design]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/c_kotscha.090127_1448.Toronto_CR_2008_115.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A fit and confirmatory design trial was conducted at Canadian Forces Base Petawawa May 28 to June 1 2007 to evaluate the differences between the current shoulder cap and brassard shoulder fragmentation protection designs. Twenty-five regular force personnel from 3rd Royal Canadian Regiment and 2nd Field Ambulance were required to undertake a battery of human factors tests while wearing the current shoulder cap and brassard conditions in a balanced, repeated measures design. A progressive four-day testing protocol was used, from static anthropometric measurements, to live fire, to dynamic discrete military activities tests, and finally a dynamic military battle task tests. Evaluations included live fire range, obstacle course, mounted fighting task, dismounted fire and movement, FIBUA, and compatibility testing. Participants rated the designs in terms of manoeuvrability, ease, stability, compatibility, and comfort. Data collection included live fire target performance, acceptability ratings after each task, thermal discomfort ratings, physical discomfort ratings, fit sizing ratings, exit questionnaire acceptability ratings, and guided focus group discussions. Overall, no highly meaningful significant differences between the two conditions were seen in target engagement performance, compatibility, or task acceptability ratings for different tasks carried out in this trial. It is recommended that brassard should be implemented for improved shoulder fragmentation protection. Desi]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A fit and confirmatory design trial was conducted at Canadian Forces Base Petawawa May 28 to June 1 2007 to evaluate the differences between the current shoulder cap and brassard shoulder fragmentation protection designs. Twenty-five regular force personnel from 3rd Royal Canadian Regiment and 2nd Field Ambulance were required to undertake a battery of human factors tests while wearing the current shoulder cap and brassard conditions in a balanced, repeated measures design. A progressive four-day testing protocol was used, from static anthropometric measurements, to live fire, to dynamic discrete military activities tests, and finally a dynamic military battle task tests. Evaluations included live fire range, obstacle course, mounted fighting task, dismounted fire and movement, FIBUA, and compatibility testing. Participants rated the designs in terms of manoeuvrability, ease, stability, compatibility, and comfort. Data collection included live fire target performance, acceptability ratings after each task, thermal discomfort ratings, physical discomfort ratings, fit sizing ratings, exit questionnaire acceptability ratings, and guided focus group discussions. Overall, no highly meaningful significant differences between the two conditions were seen in target engagement performance, compatibility, or task acceptability ratings for different tasks carried out in this trial. It is recommended that brassard should be implemented for improved shoulder fragmentation protection. Desi]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A fit and confirmatory design trial was conducted at Canadian Forces Base Petawawa May 28 to June 1 2007 to evaluate the differences between the current shoulder cap and brassard shoulder fragmentation protection designs. Twenty-five regular force personnel from 3rd Royal Canadian Regiment and 2nd Field Ambulance were required to undertake a battery of human factors tests while wearing the current shoulder cap and brassard conditions in a balanced, repeated measures design. A progressive four-day testing protocol was used, from static anthropometric measurements, to live fire, to dynamic discrete military activities tests, and finally a dynamic military battle task tests. Evaluations included live fire range, obstacle course, mounted fighting task, dismounted fire and movement, FIBUA, and compatibility testing. Participants rated the designs in terms of manoeuvrability, ease, stability, compatibility, and comfort. Data collection included live fire target performance, acceptability ratings after each task, thermal discomfort ratings, physical discomfort ratings, fit sizing ratings, exit questionnaire acceptability ratings, and guided focus group discussions. Overall, no highly meaningful significant differences between the two conditions were seen in target engagement performance, compatibility, or task acceptability ratings for different tasks carried out in this trial. It is recommended that brassard should be implemented for improved shoulder fragmentation protection. Desi]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2008-115]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[G. Santos Vilhena, Chris Ste-Croix and Harry A. Angel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Shoulder protection, shoulder Brassard, Brassard, Shoulder fragmentation]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080228_1326.CR 2007-302.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Human Factors Research Task 2006-111: AIMSsim Feature Development II]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Human Factors Research Task 2006-111: AIMSsim Feature Development II]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080228_1326.CR 2007-302.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document is the final report for Human Factors Research Task 2006-111 – AIMS Feature Development which consisted of software development for a research platform desigined to simulate the operator-machine interface and controls for an airborne multi-sensor surveillance system. The research platform is used to evaluate design concepts and operator performance issues and is modelled on the Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS) which is being developed at DRDC Valcartier. With up to five sensors, the AIMS will enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) by allowing crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. The report summarizes the work performed in the project and makes recommendations for the next phase. Core tasks included adding functionality to over-ride the default sensor controller on the control box and replace it with a universal serial bus (USB) controller, and adding the capability to rearrange the sensor windows and other features on the interface display and other areas on the interface. Both capabilities were added for the purpose of evaluating tools and interface design concepts.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document is the final report for Human Factors Research Task 2006-111 – AIMS Feature Development which consisted of software development for a research platform desigined to simulate the operator-machine interface and controls for an airborne multi-sensor surveillance system. The research platform is used to evaluate design concepts and operator performance issues and is modelled on the Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS) which is being developed at DRDC Valcartier. With up to five sensors, the AIMS will enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) by allowing crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. The report summarizes the work performed in the project and makes recommendations for the next phase. Core tasks included adding functionality to over-ride the default sensor controller on the control box and replace it with a universal serial bus (USB) controller, and adding the capability to rearrange the sensor windows and other features on the interface display and other areas on the interface. Both capabilities were added for the purpose of evaluating tools and interface design concepts.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document is the final report for Human Factors Research Task 2006-111 – AIMS Feature Development which consisted of software development for a research platform desigined to simulate the operator-machine interface and controls for an airborne multi-sensor surveillance system. The research platform is used to evaluate design concepts and operator performance issues and is modelled on the Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS) which is being developed at DRDC Valcartier. With up to five sensors, the AIMS will enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) by allowing crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. The report summarizes the work performed in the project and makes recommendations for the next phase. Core tasks included adding functionality to over-ride the default sensor controller on the control box and replace it with a universal serial bus (USB) controller, and adding the capability to rearrange the sensor windows and other features on the interface display and other areas on the interface. Both capabilities were added for the purpose of evaluating tools and interface design concepts.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2007-302]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[O. Schoenbom]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[simulation, airborne, interface, search and rescue, surveillance]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080228_1346.CR 2007-300.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[AIMSsim version 2.3.4 - User Manaul]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[AIMSsim version 2.3.4 - User Manaul]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080228_1346.CR 2007-300.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This user manual provides an overview of the software functionality developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) – Valcartier to enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. In order to ensure that a SAR operator would be able to use the system effectively and with a minimal amount of training, a prototype human-machine interface (HMI) was developed to evaluate design concepts. The latest development phase added sensor controller options and a configurable display interface for evaluating interface design concepts.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This user manual provides an overview of the software functionality developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) – Valcartier to enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. In order to ensure that a SAR operator would be able to use the system effectively and with a minimal amount of training, a prototype human-machine interface (HMI) was developed to evaluate design concepts. The latest development phase added sensor controller options and a configurable display interface for evaluating interface design concepts.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This user manual provides an overview of the software functionality developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) – Valcartier to enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. In order to ensure that a SAR operator would be able to use the system effectively and with a minimal amount of training, a prototype human-machine interface (HMI) was developed to evaluate design concepts. The latest development phase added sensor controller options and a configurable display interface for evaluating interface design concepts.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR2007-300]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[O. Schoenbom; P. Lachance; N. Bahramifarid]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[simulation; airborne; surveillance; search and rescue; electro-optical sensor; o]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080228_1340.CR 2007-301.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[AIMSsim version 2.3.4 - System Manual]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[AIMSsim version 2.3.4 - System Manual]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jcrebold.080228_1340.CR 2007-301.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This system manual provides an overview of software developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) – Valcartier to enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. In order to ensure that a SAR operator would be able to use the system effectively and with a minimal amount of training, a prototype human-machine interface (HMI) was developed to permit evaluating design concepts. The latest development phase added sensor controller options and a configurable display interface for evaluating interface design concepts.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This system manual provides an overview of software developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) – Valcartier to enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. In order to ensure that a SAR operator would be able to use the system effectively and with a minimal amount of training, a prototype human-machine interface (HMI) was developed to permit evaluating design concepts. The latest development phase added sensor controller options and a configurable display interface for evaluating interface design concepts.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This system manual provides an overview of software developed to support the empirical investigation of a simulated user interface for an Advanced Integrated Multi-sensor Surveillance (AIMS) system (formerly known as the Enhanced Low-Light Level Visible and Infrared Surveillance System – ELVISS). The AIMS system is an electro-optical imaging system being developed by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) – Valcartier to enhance the capability of search and rescue (SAR) crews to operate effectively at night and in degraded weather conditions. In order to ensure that a SAR operator would be able to use the system effectively and with a minimal amount of training, a prototype human-machine interface (HMI) was developed to permit evaluating design concepts. The latest development phase added sensor controller options and a configurable display interface for evaluating interface design concepts.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2007-301]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[O. Schoenbom; P. Lachance; N. Bahramifarid]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[simulation; airborne; surveillance; search and rescue; electro-optical sensor; o]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.071023_1401.Toronto_SL_2007_153.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Systemic Operational Design: Freeing Operational Planning from the Shackles of Linearity]]> <![CDATA[(Conception opérationnelle systémique – Libérer la planification opérationnelle du carcan de la linéarité)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Systemic Operational Design: Freeing Operational Planning from the Shackles of Linearity]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.071023_1401.Toronto_SL_2007_153.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper’s central argument is that the CF Operational Planning Process (OPP) is not an ideal method for military planning, in particular for dynamic, high complexity, and time-constrained environments, because the method is highly formal, structured, and linear. This paper argues that the OPP, due to its rigid structure, essentially hamstrings military planners and, because it is based on the assumption that the problem-space is closed and readily decomposable, creates a false sense of certainty. This paper further argues that Systemic Operational Design (SOD) may be better suited for use in the contemporary operating environment because it is less structured (i.e. flexible and iterative) and based on systems-thinking, which is a holistic approach to understanding the problem-space. ; ; To accomplish this task, this paper provides an outline of the two primary approaches to decision-making (i.e. analytic and naturalistic), briefly summarizes and outlines the limitations of the OPP, and provides and overview of SOD as well as identifying the benefits of SOD over the OPP.;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper’s central argument is that the CF Operational Planning Process (OPP) is not an ideal method for military planning, in particular for dynamic, high complexity, and time-constrained environments, because the method is highly formal, structured, and linear. This paper argues that the OPP, due to its rigid structure, essentially hamstrings military planners and, because it is based on the assumption that the problem-space is closed and readily decomposable, creates a false sense of certainty. This paper further argues that Systemic Operational Design (SOD) may be better suited for use in the contemporary operating environment because it is less structured (i.e. flexible and iterative) and based on systems-thinking, which is a holistic approach to understanding the problem-space. ; ; To accomplish this task, this paper provides an outline of the two primary approaches to decision-making (i.e. analytic and naturalistic), briefly summarizes and outlines the limitations of the OPP, and provides and overview of SOD as well as identifying the benefits of SOD over the OPP.;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This paper’s central argument is that the CF Operational Planning Process (OPP) is not an ideal method for military planning, in particular for dynamic, high complexity, and time-constrained environments, because the method is highly formal, structured, and linear. This paper argues that the OPP, due to its rigid structure, essentially hamstrings military planners and, because it is based on the assumption that the problem-space is closed and readily decomposable, creates a false sense of certainty. This paper further argues that Systemic Operational Design (SOD) may be better suited for use in the contemporary operating environment because it is less structured (i.e. flexible and iterative) and based on systems-thinking, which is a holistic approach to understanding the problem-space. ; ; To accomplish this task, this paper provides an outline of the two primary approaches to decision-making (i.e. analytic and naturalistic), briefly summarizes and outlines the limitations of the OPP, and provides and overview of SOD as well as identifying the benefits of SOD over the OPP.;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-153]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Matthew Lauder]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.070201_0920.Toronto_SL_2007_019.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Sound localization with communications headsets: Comparison of passive and active systems]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Sound localization with communications headsets: Comparison of passive and active systems]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.070201_0920.Toronto_SL_2007_019.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that conventional sound attenuating earmuffs and earplugs interfere with sound localization ability. This study examined possible benefits from advanced communications headsets that incorporate limited amplification and active noise reduction (ANR). Method: The ability to localize a 75 dB SPL, 300-ms broadband noise stimulus was examined in twelve normal-hearing males by means of a horizontal array of eight loudspeakers surrounding the subject at a distance of 1 m. Tests were conducted with the ears unoccluded and fitted with conventional Peltor H10 earmuffs and two communications headsets, the Racal Slimgard II in active noise reduction (ANR) and talk-through-circuitry (TTC) modes and the Nacre QUIETPRO in Off (conventional plug) and push-to-talk (PTT) modes . Results: Overall percent correct was highest in the unoccluded condition (94%). A reduction of 24% was observed for the communications devices in TTC and PTT modes, and a reduction of 49% for the conventional muff and plug and muff with ANR. Disruption in performance was due to an increase in front-back reversal errors for mirror image spatial positions. Discussion: The results were in line with previous studies and support the conclusion that in situations requiring the use of hearing protectors to minimize high-level noise exposure, communications devices with advanced technologies provide a way to maintain directional hearing. With the devices tested, subjects were eq]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that conventional sound attenuating earmuffs and earplugs interfere with sound localization ability. This study examined possible benefits from advanced communications headsets that incorporate limited amplification and active noise reduction (ANR). Method: The ability to localize a 75 dB SPL, 300-ms broadband noise stimulus was examined in twelve normal-hearing males by means of a horizontal array of eight loudspeakers surrounding the subject at a distance of 1 m. Tests were conducted with the ears unoccluded and fitted with conventional Peltor H10 earmuffs and two communications headsets, the Racal Slimgard II in active noise reduction (ANR) and talk-through-circuitry (TTC) modes and the Nacre QUIETPRO in Off (conventional plug) and push-to-talk (PTT) modes . Results: Overall percent correct was highest in the unoccluded condition (94%). A reduction of 24% was observed for the communications devices in TTC and PTT modes, and a reduction of 49% for the conventional muff and plug and muff with ANR. Disruption in performance was due to an increase in front-back reversal errors for mirror image spatial positions. Discussion: The results were in line with previous studies and support the conclusion that in situations requiring the use of hearing protectors to minimize high-level noise exposure, communications devices with advanced technologies provide a way to maintain directional hearing. With the devices tested, subjects were eq]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that conventional sound attenuating earmuffs and earplugs interfere with sound localization ability. This study examined possible benefits from advanced communications headsets that incorporate limited amplification and active noise reduction (ANR). Method: The ability to localize a 75 dB SPL, 300-ms broadband noise stimulus was examined in twelve normal-hearing males by means of a horizontal array of eight loudspeakers surrounding the subject at a distance of 1 m. Tests were conducted with the ears unoccluded and fitted with conventional Peltor H10 earmuffs and two communications headsets, the Racal Slimgard II in active noise reduction (ANR) and talk-through-circuitry (TTC) modes and the Nacre QUIETPRO in Off (conventional plug) and push-to-talk (PTT) modes . Results: Overall percent correct was highest in the unoccluded condition (94%). A reduction of 24% was observed for the communications devices in TTC and PTT modes, and a reduction of 49% for the conventional muff and plug and muff with ANR. Disruption in performance was due to an increase in front-back reversal errors for mirror image spatial positions. Discussion: The results were in line with previous studies and support the conclusion that in situations requiring the use of hearing protectors to minimize high-level noise exposure, communications devices with advanced technologies provide a way to maintain directional hearing. With the devices tested, subjects were eq]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-019]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sharon M. Abel;; Suzanne Tsang;; Stephen Boyne]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[directional hearing, sound localization, auditory perception, hearing protection]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070614_1435.toronto_SL_2007_085.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Nested-sets theory, full stop: Explaining performance on Bayesian inference tasks without dual-systems assumptions]]> <![CDATA[(La théorie des ensembles nichés sans artifice : Expliquer la performance dans les inférences bayésiennes sans s’appuyer sur l’hypothèse des processus duaux)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Nested-sets theory, full stop: Explaining performance on Bayesian inference tasks without dual-systems assumptions]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070614_1435.toronto_SL_2007_085.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Consistent with Barbey & Sloman (B&S), it is proposed that performance on Bayesian inference tasks is well explained by nested-sets theory (NST). However, contrary to those authors’ view, it is proposed that NST does better by dispelling with dual-systems assumptions. This article examines why, and sketches out a series of NST’s core principles, which were not previously defined.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Consistent with Barbey & Sloman (B&S), it is proposed that performance on Bayesian inference tasks is well explained by nested-sets theory (NST). However, contrary to those authors’ view, it is proposed that NST does better by dispelling with dual-systems assumptions. This article examines why, and sketches out a series of NST’s core principles, which were not previously defined.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Consistent with Barbey & Sloman (B&S), it is proposed that performance on Bayesian inference tasks is well explained by nested-sets theory (NST). However, contrary to those authors’ view, it is proposed that NST does better by dispelling with dual-systems assumptions. This article examines why, and sketches out a series of NST’s core principles, which were not previously defined.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-085]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Bayesian probability; posterior probability judgment; nested-sets theory; dual-p]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jkeillor.071109_1241.Toronto_SL_2007_159.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Effects of Transitioning Between Perspective-Rendered Views]]> <![CDATA[(EFFETS DE LA TRANSITION ENTRE DES VUES RENDUES AVEC PERSPECTIVE;)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Effects of Transitioning Between Perspective-Rendered Views]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/jkeillor.071109_1241.Toronto_SL_2007_159.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Increasingly, multiple views on the same scene may be made available via a network of sensors in security and surveillance applications. Similarly, virtual reality and gaming applications may provide a user with more than one view on a scene in an attempt to improve user orientation. Previous work has demonstrated the utility of ‘visual momentum’ by showing an advantage in spatial judgments when users are provided with a transition between 2D and perspective views. However, no prior research has examined the utility of smooth transitions between different perspective-rendered views of the same scene. The present experiment compared two types of smooth transition between perspective-rendered views, and demonstrated that transitions generally provide an advantage on a spatial judgment task. Notably, transitions between perspective views did not need to include a bird’s eye view of the scene in order for users to make improved line-of-sight judgments.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Increasingly, multiple views on the same scene may be made available via a network of sensors in security and surveillance applications. Similarly, virtual reality and gaming applications may provide a user with more than one view on a scene in an attempt to improve user orientation. Previous work has demonstrated the utility of ‘visual momentum’ by showing an advantage in spatial judgments when users are provided with a transition between 2D and perspective views. However, no prior research has examined the utility of smooth transitions between different perspective-rendered views of the same scene. The present experiment compared two types of smooth transition between perspective-rendered views, and demonstrated that transitions generally provide an advantage on a spatial judgment task. Notably, transitions between perspective views did not need to include a bird’s eye view of the scene in order for users to make improved line-of-sight judgments.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Increasingly, multiple views on the same scene may be made available via a network of sensors in security and surveillance applications. Similarly, virtual reality and gaming applications may provide a user with more than one view on a scene in an attempt to improve user orientation. Previous work has demonstrated the utility of ‘visual momentum’ by showing an advantage in spatial judgments when users are provided with a transition between 2D and perspective views. However, no prior research has examined the utility of smooth transitions between different perspective-rendered views of the same scene. The present experiment compared two types of smooth transition between perspective-rendered views, and demonstrated that transitions generally provide an advantage on a spatial judgment task. Notably, transitions between perspective views did not need to include a bird’s eye view of the scene in order for users to make improved line-of-sight judgments.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-159]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Jocelyn Keillor; Kevin Trihn; Justin G. Hollands; Michael Perlin]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[linear and perabolic transition; virtual reality; spatial awareness; line of sig]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mhou.070524_1028.Toronto_SL_2007_078.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Intelligent Adaptive Interfaces for the Control of Multiple UAVs]]> <![CDATA[(INTERFACES OPÉRATEUR ADAPTATIVES ET INTELLIGENTES POUR LA COMMANDE DE PLUSIEURS ENGINS TÉLÉPILOTÉS)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Intelligent Adaptive Interfaces for the Control of Multiple UAVs]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/mhou.070524_1028.Toronto_SL_2007_078.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A lack of guidance on designing complex, dynamic, and networked systems presents a challenge to the design of such systems to maximize overall human-machine system performance. An intelligent adaptive interface (IAI) concept and associated technologies have been developed to address this problem. In order to support effective decision-making, a typical IAI is driven by software agents (automation) that can change the display and /or control characteristics of human-machine system to adaptively react to the changes of mission and operator states in real time. This work is the result of a three-year project conducted by Defence Research & Development Canada on the efficacy of IAIs in a multi-UAV scenario. The IAI was modelled as part of the UAV tactical workstations found in a Maritime patrol aircraft. A performance model was developed to compare the difference in mission activities with and without IAI agents as reflected in task conflict frequency and task completion time. A prototype IAI environment was implemented for a human-in-the-loop empirical investigation. Both simulation and experiment results showed that the control of multiple UAVs is a cognitively complex task with high workload. With the augmentation of automation agents, IAIs facilitated a significant reduction in workload and an improvement in situation awareness. Operators could continue working under high time pressure, with critical tasks being achieved in reduced time compared to conventional interfaces]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A lack of guidance on designing complex, dynamic, and networked systems presents a challenge to the design of such systems to maximize overall human-machine system performance. An intelligent adaptive interface (IAI) concept and associated technologies have been developed to address this problem. In order to support effective decision-making, a typical IAI is driven by software agents (automation) that can change the display and /or control characteristics of human-machine system to adaptively react to the changes of mission and operator states in real time. This work is the result of a three-year project conducted by Defence Research & Development Canada on the efficacy of IAIs in a multi-UAV scenario. The IAI was modelled as part of the UAV tactical workstations found in a Maritime patrol aircraft. A performance model was developed to compare the difference in mission activities with and without IAI agents as reflected in task conflict frequency and task completion time. A prototype IAI environment was implemented for a human-in-the-loop empirical investigation. Both simulation and experiment results showed that the control of multiple UAVs is a cognitively complex task with high workload. With the augmentation of automation agents, IAIs facilitated a significant reduction in workload and an improvement in situation awareness. Operators could continue working under high time pressure, with critical tasks being achieved in reduced time compared to conventional interfaces]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A lack of guidance on designing complex, dynamic, and networked systems presents a challenge to the design of such systems to maximize overall human-machine system performance. An intelligent adaptive interface (IAI) concept and associated technologies have been developed to address this problem. In order to support effective decision-making, a typical IAI is driven by software agents (automation) that can change the display and /or control characteristics of human-machine system to adaptively react to the changes of mission and operator states in real time. This work is the result of a three-year project conducted by Defence Research & Development Canada on the efficacy of IAIs in a multi-UAV scenario. The IAI was modelled as part of the UAV tactical workstations found in a Maritime patrol aircraft. A performance model was developed to compare the difference in mission activities with and without IAI agents as reflected in task conflict frequency and task completion time. A prototype IAI environment was implemented for a human-in-the-loop empirical investigation. Both simulation and experiment results showed that the control of multiple UAVs is a cognitively complex task with high workload. With the augmentation of automation agents, IAIs facilitated a significant reduction in workload and an improvement in situation awareness. Operators could continue working under high time pressure, with critical tasks being achieved in reduced time compared to conventional interfaces]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-078]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Ming Hou ; Robert D. Kobierski; Matthew Brown]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[mssion analysis; task analysis; function analysis; goal analysis; hierarchical g]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070306_1614.SL 2007-016.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Taboo or Tragic: Effect of Tradeoff Type on Moral Choice, Conflict, and Confidence]]> <![CDATA[(Tabou ou tragique : effet du type de compromis sur le choix moral, le conflit et la confiance)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Taboo or Tragic: Effect of Tradeoff Type on Moral Choice, Conflict, and Confidence]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070306_1614.SL 2007-016.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Historically, cognitivists considered moral choices to be determined by analytic processes. Recent theories, however, have emphasized the role of intuitive processes in determining moral choices. We propose that the engagement of analytic and intuitive processes is contingent on the type of tradeoff being considered. Specifically, when a tradeoff necessarily violates a moral principle no matter what choice is made, as in tragic tradeoffs, its resolution should result in greater moral conflict and less confidence in choice than when the tradeoff offers a moral escape route, as in taboo tradeoffs. We manipulated tradeoff type in a between-subjects design and confirmed the prediction that tragic tradeoffs prompt more conflict and less confidence than taboo tradeoffs. The findings further revealed that moral conflict mediated the effect of tradeoff type on confidence. The study sheds light on the manner in which human minds resolve moral problems involving social agents.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Historically, cognitivists considered moral choices to be determined by analytic processes. Recent theories, however, have emphasized the role of intuitive processes in determining moral choices. We propose that the engagement of analytic and intuitive processes is contingent on the type of tradeoff being considered. Specifically, when a tradeoff necessarily violates a moral principle no matter what choice is made, as in tragic tradeoffs, its resolution should result in greater moral conflict and less confidence in choice than when the tradeoff offers a moral escape route, as in taboo tradeoffs. We manipulated tradeoff type in a between-subjects design and confirmed the prediction that tragic tradeoffs prompt more conflict and less confidence than taboo tradeoffs. The findings further revealed that moral conflict mediated the effect of tradeoff type on confidence. The study sheds light on the manner in which human minds resolve moral problems involving social agents.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Historically, cognitivists considered moral choices to be determined by analytic processes. Recent theories, however, have emphasized the role of intuitive processes in determining moral choices. We propose that the engagement of analytic and intuitive processes is contingent on the type of tradeoff being considered. Specifically, when a tradeoff necessarily violates a moral principle no matter what choice is made, as in tragic tradeoffs, its resolution should result in greater moral conflict and less confidence in choice than when the tradeoff offers a moral escape route, as in taboo tradeoffs. We manipulated tradeoff type in a between-subjects design and confirmed the prediction that tragic tradeoffs prompt more conflict and less confidence than taboo tradeoffs. The findings further revealed that moral conflict mediated the effect of tradeoff type on confidence. The study sheds light on the manner in which human minds resolve moral problems involving social agents.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-016]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel, Oshin Vartanian]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[analytic and intuitive processes, subjective mental effort, problem difficulty,]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070801_0903.toronto_SL_2007_113.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Differential Focus in Causal and Counterfactual Thinking: Different Possibilities or Different Functions?]]> <![CDATA[(Les différences entre la pensée causale et la pensée contrefactuelle : Différentes possibilités ou différentes fonctions?)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Differential Focus in Causal and Counterfactual Thinking: Different Possibilities or Different Functions?]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070801_0903.toronto_SL_2007_113.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In The Rational Imagination, Byrne proposes a mental models account of why causal and counterfactual thinking often focus on different antecedents. This review critically examines the two central propositions of her account, finding both only weakly defensible. Byrne’s account is contrasted with Judgment Dissociation Theory, which offers a functional explanation for differences in the focus of causal and counterfactual thinking.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In The Rational Imagination, Byrne proposes a mental models account of why causal and counterfactual thinking often focus on different antecedents. This review critically examines the two central propositions of her account, finding both only weakly defensible. Byrne’s account is contrasted with Judgment Dissociation Theory, which offers a functional explanation for differences in the focus of causal and counterfactual thinking.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In The Rational Imagination, Byrne proposes a mental models account of why causal and counterfactual thinking often focus on different antecedents. This review critically examines the two central propositions of her account, finding both only weakly defensible. Byrne’s account is contrasted with Judgment Dissociation Theory, which offers a functional explanation for differences in the focus of causal and counterfactual thinking.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-113]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Counterfactual thinking; causal thinking; cause; enabling condition; mental mode]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.070227_1452.toronto_SL_2007_034.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Caffeine Effects on Physical and Cognitive Performance during Sustained Operations]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Caffeine Effects on Physical and Cognitive Performance during Sustained Operations]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/tmm.070227_1452.toronto_SL_2007_034.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of caffeine (CAF) on physical performance and vigilance during 4 days and 3 nights of sustained operations in Special Forces personnel. METHODS: Twenty soldiers (28.6 „b 4.7y, 81.2 „b 8.0 kg) were divided equally into placebo (PLAC) and CAF groups. A 4 km run that included 3 obstacles (OBST) was completed each morning with the performance on Day 2 after an 8-hour sleep representing control (CON). From 0130 to 0615 of Days 3-5, soldiers performed two 2-hour vigilance (VIG) sessions in the field. PLAC or 200 mg of CAF was administered at 2145 of Day 2-4 and at 01:00, 03:45, and approximately 07:00 on Day 3-5. The run commenced within 30 minutes of receiving the final dose. Soldiers were provided with a 4-hour sleep period from 1330-1730 during Days 3 and 4. RESULTS: VIG during Days 3-5 was greater for CAF and not different from CON. Total run time was faster for CAF (29.7 ¡Ó 2.0 min) compared with PLAC (30.7 ¡Ó 2.9 min) on DAY 3 due to faster completion of OBST (8.7 ¡Ó 0.7 min vs 9.2 ¡Ó 1.0 min for CAFF and PLAC, respectively). Thereafter, run times decreased for both groups on Days 4 and 5 compared with CON due primarily to an increase in pace between OBST. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that CAF maintained both vigilance and physical performance for Special Forces personnel during sustained operations that require periods of overnight wakefulness and restricted opportunities for daytime sleep.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of caffeine (CAF) on physical performance and vigilance during 4 days and 3 nights of sustained operations in Special Forces personnel. METHODS: Twenty soldiers (28.6 „b 4.7y, 81.2 „b 8.0 kg) were divided equally into placebo (PLAC) and CAF groups. A 4 km run that included 3 obstacles (OBST) was completed each morning with the performance on Day 2 after an 8-hour sleep representing control (CON). From 0130 to 0615 of Days 3-5, soldiers performed two 2-hour vigilance (VIG) sessions in the field. PLAC or 200 mg of CAF was administered at 2145 of Day 2-4 and at 01:00, 03:45, and approximately 07:00 on Day 3-5. The run commenced within 30 minutes of receiving the final dose. Soldiers were provided with a 4-hour sleep period from 1330-1730 during Days 3 and 4. RESULTS: VIG during Days 3-5 was greater for CAF and not different from CON. Total run time was faster for CAF (29.7 ¡Ó 2.0 min) compared with PLAC (30.7 ¡Ó 2.9 min) on DAY 3 due to faster completion of OBST (8.7 ¡Ó 0.7 min vs 9.2 ¡Ó 1.0 min for CAFF and PLAC, respectively). Thereafter, run times decreased for both groups on Days 4 and 5 compared with CON due primarily to an increase in pace between OBST. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that CAF maintained both vigilance and physical performance for Special Forces personnel during sustained operations that require periods of overnight wakefulness and restricted opportunities for daytime sleep.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of caffeine (CAF) on physical performance and vigilance during 4 days and 3 nights of sustained operations in Special Forces personnel. METHODS: Twenty soldiers (28.6 „b 4.7y, 81.2 „b 8.0 kg) were divided equally into placebo (PLAC) and CAF groups. A 4 km run that included 3 obstacles (OBST) was completed each morning with the performance on Day 2 after an 8-hour sleep representing control (CON). From 0130 to 0615 of Days 3-5, soldiers performed two 2-hour vigilance (VIG) sessions in the field. PLAC or 200 mg of CAF was administered at 2145 of Day 2-4 and at 01:00, 03:45, and approximately 07:00 on Day 3-5. The run commenced within 30 minutes of receiving the final dose. Soldiers were provided with a 4-hour sleep period from 1330-1730 during Days 3 and 4. RESULTS: VIG during Days 3-5 was greater for CAF and not different from CON. Total run time was faster for CAF (29.7 ¡Ó 2.0 min) compared with PLAC (30.7 ¡Ó 2.9 min) on DAY 3 due to faster completion of OBST (8.7 ¡Ó 0.7 min vs 9.2 ¡Ó 1.0 min for CAFF and PLAC, respectively). Thereafter, run times decreased for both groups on Days 4 and 5 compared with CON due primarily to an increase in pace between OBST. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that CAF maintained both vigilance and physical performance for Special Forces personnel during sustained operations that require periods of overnight wakefulness and restricted opportunities for daytime sleep.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-034]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Tom M. McLellan, Gary H. Kamimori, David M. Voss, Charmaine Tate and Sarah J.R. Smith]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[continuous operations, physical and cognitive performance, ergogenic and cogniti]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070307_1449.SL 2007-038.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Economic Transactions among Friends; ASYMMETRIC GENEROSITY BUT NOT AGREEMENT IN BUYERS’AND SELLERS’ OFFERS]]> <![CDATA[(Transactions économiques entre amis; Générosité asymétrique et non pas accord entre les acheteurs et les vendeurs dans leurs offres)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Economic Transactions among Friends; ASYMMETRIC GENEROSITY BUT NOT AGREEMENT IN BUYERS’AND SELLERS’ OFFERS]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070307_1449.SL 2007-038.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments tested the idea that economic transactions among friends are influenced by a norm of generosity. Whereas a fairness norm ought to promote agreement in offers between buyers and sellers, a generosity norm should promote altruistic disagreements caused by sellers offering lower prices than buyers—a reversal of the well-known endowment effect. Supporting the present account, in both studies, offers among friends showed a reversal of the endowment effect. Moreover, disagreement in buying and selling offers was stronger among friends than among acquaintances, and (in study 2) the perceived generosity of offers, but not their perceived fairness, mediated this effect. Finally, both studies demonstrated that generosity is asymmetric: whereas selling offers among friends were generous by all comparative standards, buying offers were not.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments tested the idea that economic transactions among friends are influenced by a norm of generosity. Whereas a fairness norm ought to promote agreement in offers between buyers and sellers, a generosity norm should promote altruistic disagreements caused by sellers offering lower prices than buyers—a reversal of the well-known endowment effect. Supporting the present account, in both studies, offers among friends showed a reversal of the endowment effect. Moreover, disagreement in buying and selling offers was stronger among friends than among acquaintances, and (in study 2) the perceived generosity of offers, but not their perceived fairness, mediated this effect. Finally, both studies demonstrated that generosity is asymmetric: whereas selling offers among friends were generous by all comparative standards, buying offers were not.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Two experiments tested the idea that economic transactions among friends are influenced by a norm of generosity. Whereas a fairness norm ought to promote agreement in offers between buyers and sellers, a generosity norm should promote altruistic disagreements caused by sellers offering lower prices than buyers—a reversal of the well-known endowment effect. Supporting the present account, in both studies, offers among friends showed a reversal of the endowment effect. Moreover, disagreement in buying and selling offers was stronger among friends than among acquaintances, and (in study 2) the perceived generosity of offers, but not their perceived fairness, mediated this effect. Finally, both studies demonstrated that generosity is asymmetric: whereas selling offers among friends were generous by all comparative standards, buying offers were not.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-038]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[generosity, fairness, economic transactions, friendship, endowment effect, norms]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.081001_0811.Toronto_CR_2007_092.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Counter-IED Initiative PPE Horizon 0 Phase 1 - Protection Versus Performance Preliminary Trade-off Analysis - Behavioural Task Analysis]]> <![CDATA[(INITIATIVE D’EPI POUR LA LUTTE AUX IED - HORIZON 0 PHASE 1 – ANALYSE DE COMPROMIS PRÉLIMINAIRE DE LA PROTECTION PAR RAPPORT AU RENDEMENT ANALYSE COMPORTEMENTALE DES TÂCHES)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Counter-IED Initiative PPE Horizon 0 Phase 1 - Protection Versus Performance Preliminary Trade-off Analysis - Behavioural Task Analysis]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.081001_0811.Toronto_CR_2007_092.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[DRDC Valcartier has taken the lead on a Counter-IED (C-IED) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Horizon 0, which is a sub-project of a larger C-IED Technical Demonstration Project (TDP). DRDC Toronto is the providing Human Factors expertise to support this project. In order to develop PPE recommendations to overcome any change or increase in vulnerability a comprehensive understanding of physiological, biomechanical, task performance and operational impact of increasing coverage and/or level of protection of soldiers needs to be obtained. The objective of this study was to develop a number of operational scenarios that encompassed the majority of tasks performed by mounted crewmen. These scenarios were then used to conduct a behavioral task analysis (BTA) of vehicle crews with emphasis given to reach and viewing activities, physical motions and crew station operations, vehicle and equipment compatibility, and access/egress in normal and emergency situations. The operational scenarios were developed from a focus group held at CFB Edmonton from 1 – 2 February 2007. The four operational scenarios that were developed at the focus group were a quick reaction force in a close country, a broken down vehicle within a city, an engage targets scenario, and a vehicle-borne IED scenario. These; scenarios were then used to lead the BTA that was conducted from 19 – 21 March 2007. A total of 28 soldiers participated in the BTA covering 8 vehicles (G-Wagon, MLVW, HLVW, TLAV, Bison, Leopard C]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[DRDC Valcartier has taken the lead on a Counter-IED (C-IED) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Horizon 0, which is a sub-project of a larger C-IED Technical Demonstration Project (TDP). DRDC Toronto is the providing Human Factors expertise to support this project. In order to develop PPE recommendations to overcome any change or increase in vulnerability a comprehensive understanding of physiological, biomechanical, task performance and operational impact of increasing coverage and/or level of protection of soldiers needs to be obtained. The objective of this study was to develop a number of operational scenarios that encompassed the majority of tasks performed by mounted crewmen. These scenarios were then used to conduct a behavioral task analysis (BTA) of vehicle crews with emphasis given to reach and viewing activities, physical motions and crew station operations, vehicle and equipment compatibility, and access/egress in normal and emergency situations. The operational scenarios were developed from a focus group held at CFB Edmonton from 1 – 2 February 2007. The four operational scenarios that were developed at the focus group were a quick reaction force in a close country, a broken down vehicle within a city, an engage targets scenario, and a vehicle-borne IED scenario. These; scenarios were then used to lead the BTA that was conducted from 19 – 21 March 2007. A total of 28 soldiers participated in the BTA covering 8 vehicles (G-Wagon, MLVW, HLVW, TLAV, Bison, Leopard C]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[DRDC Valcartier has taken the lead on a Counter-IED (C-IED) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Horizon 0, which is a sub-project of a larger C-IED Technical Demonstration Project (TDP). DRDC Toronto is the providing Human Factors expertise to support this project. In order to develop PPE recommendations to overcome any change or increase in vulnerability a comprehensive understanding of physiological, biomechanical, task performance and operational impact of increasing coverage and/or level of protection of soldiers needs to be obtained. The objective of this study was to develop a number of operational scenarios that encompassed the majority of tasks performed by mounted crewmen. These scenarios were then used to conduct a behavioral task analysis (BTA) of vehicle crews with emphasis given to reach and viewing activities, physical motions and crew station operations, vehicle and equipment compatibility, and access/egress in normal and emergency situations. The operational scenarios were developed from a focus group held at CFB Edmonton from 1 – 2 February 2007. The four operational scenarios that were developed at the focus group were a quick reaction force in a close country, a broken down vehicle within a city, an engage targets scenario, and a vehicle-borne IED scenario. These; scenarios were then used to lead the BTA that was conducted from 19 – 21 March 2007. A total of 28 soldiers participated in the BTA covering 8 vehicles (G-Wagon, MLVW, HLVW, TLAV, Bison, Leopard C]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2007-092]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Harry Angel; Chris Ste-Croix ; Elizabeth Kittel; Paul Vilhena;]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Counter-IED; C-IED; Personal Protective Equipment; PPE; Horizon 0; IED Protectio]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.060908_0956.Toronto_sl_2006_220.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Impact of unilateral hearing loss on sound localization.]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Impact of unilateral hearing loss on sound localization.]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.060908_0956.Toronto_sl_2006_220.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The impact of monaural hearing on the localization of horizontal plane sound sources ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the unoccluded ear was examined. Normal-hearing listeners judged the direction of six loudspeakers, separated by 30 deg and arrayed frontally or laterally with the right or left ear occluded. The benefit of massed practice over three sequential days was assessed. For the frontal array, azimuthal discrimination on the occluded side was poor but only 30% of sounds were perceived to come from the unoccluded side. For the lateral array, when the ipsilateral ear was unoccluded, front and back were rarely confused. Accuracy mainly decreased for speakers close to the midline axis, front and back. When the contralateral ear was unoccluded responses were biased toward the rearmost speaker. Practice did not improve performance. The findings were discussed within the context of military operations. They support the need for task specific hearing standards.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The impact of monaural hearing on the localization of horizontal plane sound sources ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the unoccluded ear was examined. Normal-hearing listeners judged the direction of six loudspeakers, separated by 30 deg and arrayed frontally or laterally with the right or left ear occluded. The benefit of massed practice over three sequential days was assessed. For the frontal array, azimuthal discrimination on the occluded side was poor but only 30% of sounds were perceived to come from the unoccluded side. For the lateral array, when the ipsilateral ear was unoccluded, front and back were rarely confused. Accuracy mainly decreased for speakers close to the midline axis, front and back. When the contralateral ear was unoccluded responses were biased toward the rearmost speaker. Practice did not improve performance. The findings were discussed within the context of military operations. They support the need for task specific hearing standards.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The impact of monaural hearing on the localization of horizontal plane sound sources ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the unoccluded ear was examined. Normal-hearing listeners judged the direction of six loudspeakers, separated by 30 deg and arrayed frontally or laterally with the right or left ear occluded. The benefit of massed practice over three sequential days was assessed. For the frontal array, azimuthal discrimination on the occluded side was poor but only 30% of sounds were perceived to come from the unoccluded side. For the lateral array, when the ipsilateral ear was unoccluded, front and back were rarely confused. Accuracy mainly decreased for speakers close to the midline axis, front and back. When the contralateral ear was unoccluded responses were biased toward the rearmost speaker. Practice did not improve performance. The findings were discussed within the context of military operations. They support the need for task specific hearing standards.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2006-220]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sharon M. Abel; Katie Lam]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[monaural impairment, directional hearing, military medicine]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.081002_0954.Toronto_CR_2007_093.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF ENHANCED PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT OPTIONS]]> <![CDATA[(ANALYSE DE POINTE DES OPTIONS EN MATIÈRE D’ÉQUIPEMENT DE PROTECTION INDIVIDUELLE ACCRUE)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF ENHANCED PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT OPTIONS]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.081002_0954.Toronto_CR_2007_093.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to conduct a state-of-the-art review of commercial and military off the-shelf (COTS/MOTS) options for enhancing protection of the soldier’s torso, neck, nape and extremities, including any design options from industrial and sports applications. This review was then used to recommend which add-on torso and extremity components should be modeled in Digital Biomechanics software. Finally, detailed requirements for the commencement of a future biomechanical modeling analysis were provided.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to conduct a state-of-the-art review of commercial and military off the-shelf (COTS/MOTS) options for enhancing protection of the soldier’s torso, neck, nape and extremities, including any design options from industrial and sports applications. This review was then used to recommend which add-on torso and extremity components should be modeled in Digital Biomechanics software. Finally, detailed requirements for the commencement of a future biomechanical modeling analysis were provided.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to conduct a state-of-the-art review of commercial and military off the-shelf (COTS/MOTS) options for enhancing protection of the soldier’s torso, neck, nape and extremities, including any design options from industrial and sports applications. This review was then used to recommend which add-on torso and extremity components should be modeled in Digital Biomechanics software. Finally, detailed requirements for the commencement of a future biomechanical modeling analysis were provided.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2007-093]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Kent W. McKee ; David W. Tack]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Counter-IED; C-IED; Personal Protective Equipment; PPE; Horizon 0; IED Protectio]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070307_1512.SL 2007-037.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Violations of Coherence in Subjective Probability: A Representational and Assessment Processes Account;]]> <![CDATA[(Violations de la cohérence dans la probabilité subjective : ; bilan des processus de représentation et d’évaluation;)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Violations of Coherence in Subjective Probability: A Representational and Assessment Processes Account;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070307_1512.SL 2007-037.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Coherent judgment is a cardinal feature of rational cognition. Six experiments revealed systematic violations of coherence in probability judgment in which participants assigned different probabilities to mathematically equiprobable events. Experiments 1-5 revealed a strict refocusing effect: Compared to an occurrence frame, a non-occurrence frame resulted in higher estimates if base-rate evidence favored occurrence, lower estimates if evidence favored non-occurrence, and similar estimates if evidence supported indifference. Moreover, Experiments 5 and 6 revealed a pessimistic bias in which the less favorable of two equiprobable events was assigned greater probability. The findings support a Representational and Assessment Processes account (RAP) in which subjective probability is influenced by the perceived compatibility between representations of focal events and representations of evidence.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Coherent judgment is a cardinal feature of rational cognition. Six experiments revealed systematic violations of coherence in probability judgment in which participants assigned different probabilities to mathematically equiprobable events. Experiments 1-5 revealed a strict refocusing effect: Compared to an occurrence frame, a non-occurrence frame resulted in higher estimates if base-rate evidence favored occurrence, lower estimates if evidence favored non-occurrence, and similar estimates if evidence supported indifference. Moreover, Experiments 5 and 6 revealed a pessimistic bias in which the less favorable of two equiprobable events was assigned greater probability. The findings support a Representational and Assessment Processes account (RAP) in which subjective probability is influenced by the perceived compatibility between representations of focal events and representations of evidence.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Coherent judgment is a cardinal feature of rational cognition. Six experiments revealed systematic violations of coherence in probability judgment in which participants assigned different probabilities to mathematically equiprobable events. Experiments 1-5 revealed a strict refocusing effect: Compared to an occurrence frame, a non-occurrence frame resulted in higher estimates if base-rate evidence favored occurrence, lower estimates if evidence favored non-occurrence, and similar estimates if evidence supported indifference. Moreover, Experiments 5 and 6 revealed a pessimistic bias in which the less favorable of two equiprobable events was assigned greater probability. The findings support a Representational and Assessment Processes account (RAP) in which subjective probability is influenced by the perceived compatibility between representations of focal events and representations of evidence.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL  2007-037]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[probability judgment, coherence, representation, assessment, compatibility, fram]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.060323_0850.Toronto_SL_2006_058.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Sound attenuation from earmuffs and earplugs in combination: Maximum benefits vs. missed information]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Sound attenuation from earmuffs and earplugs in combination: Maximum benefits vs. missed information]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.060323_0850.Toronto_SL_2006_058.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Noise levels from military aircraft range from 100-130 dBA. Peak pressure levels from large caliber weapons may reach 180 dB SPL. To protect against hearing loss, individuals are encouraged to wear double hearing protection. The present study determined ways to maximize benefit. Hearing thresholds from 0.25-8 kHz and consonant discrimination were assessed in normal-hearing subjects with ears unoccluded and fitted with highly rated earmuffs and earplugs, singly or in combination. The earplugs were available in two sizes. Individual selection was based on best fit. Attenuation values were derived from the threshold measurements. With the muff, plug, and muff and plug in combination, thresholds ranged from 35-48 dB SPL, 40-55 dB SPL, and 44-66 dB SPL, respectively, across the frequencies tested. The combination (without regard to size of plug) resulted in attenuation values of 38-54 dB. With the smaller of the two plugs, low-frequency values as high as 53-61 dB were realized. Consonant discrimination decreased by 6-8% relative to unoccluded listening for the devices worn singly and by 22% with the devices in combination. These findings show that sufficient low-frequency attenuation may be achieved with muffs and plugs in combination to prevent hearing loss from operational noise. Attenuation may be maximized by choosing a smaller earplug to achieve a better fit. Possible downsides are reduced detection of warning sounds and speech intelligibility. To be heard these should surpas]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Noise levels from military aircraft range from 100-130 dBA. Peak pressure levels from large caliber weapons may reach 180 dB SPL. To protect against hearing loss, individuals are encouraged to wear double hearing protection. The present study determined ways to maximize benefit. Hearing thresholds from 0.25-8 kHz and consonant discrimination were assessed in normal-hearing subjects with ears unoccluded and fitted with highly rated earmuffs and earplugs, singly or in combination. The earplugs were available in two sizes. Individual selection was based on best fit. Attenuation values were derived from the threshold measurements. With the muff, plug, and muff and plug in combination, thresholds ranged from 35-48 dB SPL, 40-55 dB SPL, and 44-66 dB SPL, respectively, across the frequencies tested. The combination (without regard to size of plug) resulted in attenuation values of 38-54 dB. With the smaller of the two plugs, low-frequency values as high as 53-61 dB were realized. Consonant discrimination decreased by 6-8% relative to unoccluded listening for the devices worn singly and by 22% with the devices in combination. These findings show that sufficient low-frequency attenuation may be achieved with muffs and plugs in combination to prevent hearing loss from operational noise. Attenuation may be maximized by choosing a smaller earplug to achieve a better fit. Possible downsides are reduced detection of warning sounds and speech intelligibility. To be heard these should surpas]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Noise levels from military aircraft range from 100-130 dBA. Peak pressure levels from large caliber weapons may reach 180 dB SPL. To protect against hearing loss, individuals are encouraged to wear double hearing protection. The present study determined ways to maximize benefit. Hearing thresholds from 0.25-8 kHz and consonant discrimination were assessed in normal-hearing subjects with ears unoccluded and fitted with highly rated earmuffs and earplugs, singly or in combination. The earplugs were available in two sizes. Individual selection was based on best fit. Attenuation values were derived from the threshold measurements. With the muff, plug, and muff and plug in combination, thresholds ranged from 35-48 dB SPL, 40-55 dB SPL, and 44-66 dB SPL, respectively, across the frequencies tested. The combination (without regard to size of plug) resulted in attenuation values of 38-54 dB. With the smaller of the two plugs, low-frequency values as high as 53-61 dB were realized. Consonant discrimination decreased by 6-8% relative to unoccluded listening for the devices worn singly and by 22% with the devices in combination. These findings show that sufficient low-frequency attenuation may be achieved with muffs and plugs in combination to prevent hearing loss from operational noise. Attenuation may be maximized by choosing a smaller earplug to achieve a better fit. Possible downsides are reduced detection of warning sounds and speech intelligibility. To be heard these should surpas]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2006-058]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sharon M. Abel; Patricia Odell]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[hearing conservation, low-frequency noise exposure, communication deficits]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080827_1356.Toronto_CR_2007_026.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Operational User Requirements and Priorities for a Soldier’s Integrated Headwear System]]> <![CDATA[(Priorités et exigences opérationnelles du casque intégré du soldat)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Operational User Requirements and Priorities for a Soldier’s Integrated Headwear System]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080827_1356.Toronto_CR_2007_026.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Development of future infantry soldier systems with portable computing systems, advanced sensors, intra-section communications, head-mounted displays, and so on, has been ongoing among NATO nations for over a decade. Key to the success of any future soldier system will be the effective integration of capabilities and technologies on the head. Defence Research and Development Canada is undertaking a technology demonstration programme to investigate various designs and means of integrating headwear components and sub-systems: the Soldier’s Integrated Headwear System (SIHS) programme. This programme will be faced with many design and capability trade-off decisions. To ensure that these decisions consider the aims and intent of the Canadian Army, and reflect the operational context for employment of such a future headwear system, an Infantry Subject Matter Workshop was held to acquire insight into operator priorities and the associated importance of various capabilities and technologies for a future infantry headwear system. The priorities and importance assigned to select system capabilities and usability criteria during this workshop provide the SIHS programme with the necessary guidance and direction for future headborne system design efforts.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Development of future infantry soldier systems with portable computing systems, advanced sensors, intra-section communications, head-mounted displays, and so on, has been ongoing among NATO nations for over a decade. Key to the success of any future soldier system will be the effective integration of capabilities and technologies on the head. Defence Research and Development Canada is undertaking a technology demonstration programme to investigate various designs and means of integrating headwear components and sub-systems: the Soldier’s Integrated Headwear System (SIHS) programme. This programme will be faced with many design and capability trade-off decisions. To ensure that these decisions consider the aims and intent of the Canadian Army, and reflect the operational context for employment of such a future headwear system, an Infantry Subject Matter Workshop was held to acquire insight into operator priorities and the associated importance of various capabilities and technologies for a future infantry headwear system. The priorities and importance assigned to select system capabilities and usability criteria during this workshop provide the SIHS programme with the necessary guidance and direction for future headborne system design efforts.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Development of future infantry soldier systems with portable computing systems, advanced sensors, intra-section communications, head-mounted displays, and so on, has been ongoing among NATO nations for over a decade. Key to the success of any future soldier system will be the effective integration of capabilities and technologies on the head. Defence Research and Development Canada is undertaking a technology demonstration programme to investigate various designs and means of integrating headwear components and sub-systems: the Soldier’s Integrated Headwear System (SIHS) programme. This programme will be faced with many design and capability trade-off decisions. To ensure that these decisions consider the aims and intent of the Canadian Army, and reflect the operational context for employment of such a future headwear system, an Infantry Subject Matter Workshop was held to acquire insight into operator priorities and the associated importance of various capabilities and technologies for a future infantry headwear system. The priorities and importance assigned to select system capabilities and usability criteria during this workshop provide the SIHS programme with the necessary guidance and direction for future headborne system design efforts.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2007-026]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David W. Tack; Paul Vilhena]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Soldier Integrated Headwear System Technology Demonstration; SIHS TD; headwear i]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.050329_0928.Toronto_SL_2005_129.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Auditory perception with ear and cold weather face protection worn in combination]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Auditory perception with ear and cold weather face protection worn in combination]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/sabel.050329_0928.Toronto_SL_2005_129.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The effect on hearing thresholds, sound attenuation and consonant discrimination of wearing a balaclava under hearing protective earmuffs was studied. This combination is common during cold weather military operations. One group of 20 normal-hearing adults, half male and half female, were tested. Measurements were made within subject of diffuse-field hearing thresholds from 0.25 kHz to 8 kHz, and consonant discrimination in quiet, with the ears unoccluded and protected with the earmuffs alone and with the balaclava worn full face or rolled. Attenuation was derived from the protected and unoccluded thresholds at each frequency. When the balaclava was worn full face, attenuation decreased by 16-18 dB relative to the muff alone, below 6.3 kHz. With the balaclava worn as a cap, there was an inverted U-shaped decrement in attenuation of 18 -27 dB from 0.25 Hz to 4 kHz. Consonant discrimination decreased by 7% for the muffs alone. These findings underscore the importance of assessing protective equipment under the same conditions as they will be worn.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The effect on hearing thresholds, sound attenuation and consonant discrimination of wearing a balaclava under hearing protective earmuffs was studied. This combination is common during cold weather military operations. One group of 20 normal-hearing adults, half male and half female, were tested. Measurements were made within subject of diffuse-field hearing thresholds from 0.25 kHz to 8 kHz, and consonant discrimination in quiet, with the ears unoccluded and protected with the earmuffs alone and with the balaclava worn full face or rolled. Attenuation was derived from the protected and unoccluded thresholds at each frequency. When the balaclava was worn full face, attenuation decreased by 16-18 dB relative to the muff alone, below 6.3 kHz. With the balaclava worn as a cap, there was an inverted U-shaped decrement in attenuation of 18 -27 dB from 0.25 Hz to 4 kHz. Consonant discrimination decreased by 7% for the muffs alone. These findings underscore the importance of assessing protective equipment under the same conditions as they will be worn.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The effect on hearing thresholds, sound attenuation and consonant discrimination of wearing a balaclava under hearing protective earmuffs was studied. This combination is common during cold weather military operations. One group of 20 normal-hearing adults, half male and half female, were tested. Measurements were made within subject of diffuse-field hearing thresholds from 0.25 kHz to 8 kHz, and consonant discrimination in quiet, with the ears unoccluded and protected with the earmuffs alone and with the balaclava worn full face or rolled. Attenuation was derived from the protected and unoccluded thresholds at each frequency. When the balaclava was worn full face, attenuation decreased by 16-18 dB relative to the muff alone, below 6.3 kHz. With the balaclava worn as a cap, there was an inverted U-shaped decrement in attenuation of 18 -27 dB from 0.25 Hz to 4 kHz. Consonant discrimination decreased by 7% for the muffs alone. These findings underscore the importance of assessing protective equipment under the same conditions as they will be worn.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2005-129]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sharon M. Abel; and Patricia Odell]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[personal hearing protection; balaclava]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/anakashi.060706_1326.Toronto_SL_2006_034.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Hearing and cognitive performance in low frequency noise]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Hearing and cognitive performance in low frequency noise]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/anakashi.060706_1326.Toronto_SL_2006_034.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study was designed to investigate the effects of low-frequency noise on hearing and cognitive performance. Three noise conditions were compared: quiet (control), broadband (pink) noise and low frequency noise (LFN). The low frequency noise was recorded inside a LAV III (light armoured vehicle) during high-speed highway driving. The pink noise and LFN were both presented at 80 dBA. In each of these three noise conditions, the subjects were tested on auditory detection (a variation of Békésy tracking), speech understanding (modified rhyme test [MRT]) and cognitive function. The cognitive tests included subjective questionnaires relating to mood and motivation, short-term memory, serial reaction time, mental addition, detection of repeated letters and logical reasoning. Each subject performed these various tests in three different listening conditions: unoccluded, earmuff with active noise reduction (ANR) off and earmuff with ANR on. The preliminary results indicate that the use of a hearing protector in noise (pink or vehicle) did not significantly affect signal detection at any frequency, or speech understanding. It appears that the presence of noise affects performance on vigilance tasks, but not short term memory or logical reasoning tasks.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study was designed to investigate the effects of low-frequency noise on hearing and cognitive performance. Three noise conditions were compared: quiet (control), broadband (pink) noise and low frequency noise (LFN). The low frequency noise was recorded inside a LAV III (light armoured vehicle) during high-speed highway driving. The pink noise and LFN were both presented at 80 dBA. In each of these three noise conditions, the subjects were tested on auditory detection (a variation of Békésy tracking), speech understanding (modified rhyme test [MRT]) and cognitive function. The cognitive tests included subjective questionnaires relating to mood and motivation, short-term memory, serial reaction time, mental addition, detection of repeated letters and logical reasoning. Each subject performed these various tests in three different listening conditions: unoccluded, earmuff with active noise reduction (ANR) off and earmuff with ANR on. The preliminary results indicate that the use of a hearing protector in noise (pink or vehicle) did not significantly affect signal detection at any frequency, or speech understanding. It appears that the presence of noise affects performance on vigilance tasks, but not short term memory or logical reasoning tasks.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This study was designed to investigate the effects of low-frequency noise on hearing and cognitive performance. Three noise conditions were compared: quiet (control), broadband (pink) noise and low frequency noise (LFN). The low frequency noise was recorded inside a LAV III (light armoured vehicle) during high-speed highway driving. The pink noise and LFN were both presented at 80 dBA. In each of these three noise conditions, the subjects were tested on auditory detection (a variation of Békésy tracking), speech understanding (modified rhyme test [MRT]) and cognitive function. The cognitive tests included subjective questionnaires relating to mood and motivation, short-term memory, serial reaction time, mental addition, detection of repeated letters and logical reasoning. Each subject performed these various tests in three different listening conditions: unoccluded, earmuff with active noise reduction (ANR) off and earmuff with ANR on. The preliminary results indicate that the use of a hearing protector in noise (pink or vehicle) did not significantly affect signal detection at any frequency, or speech understanding. It appears that the presence of noise affects performance on vigilance tasks, but not short term memory or logical reasoning tasks.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2006-134]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Ann M. Nakashima, Sharon M. Abel, Matthew Duncan, David Smith]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[low fequency noise, hearing protection, auditory detection, modified rhyme test,]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080827_1420.Toronto_CR_2005_230.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[INVESTIGATION OF THE PREFERRED MASS PROPERTIES FOR INFANTRY HEADWEAR SYSTEMS]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[INVESTIGATION OF THE PREFERRED MASS PROPERTIES FOR INFANTRY HEADWEAR SYSTEMS]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080827_1420.Toronto_CR_2005_230.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In many future soldier system designs the helmet has become the mounting platform for many different protection and information technologies. While the addition of these technologies may represent a capability enhancement to the soldier and the Section, these additions also represent an increase in the Head Mounted Load (HML) being borne by the musculo-skeletal system of the wearer. This study investigated soldier preferences and acceptance for the overall mass, centre of mass (CM) location, and Mass Moment of Inertia about the Y axis (Iyy) of four helmet masses (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg) during static and dynamic infantry tasks. Acceleration forces in the X, Y, and Z axes were also characterized in both moderate intensity, short duration tasks (obstacles course) and high intensity, long duration tasks (infantry urban assault missions).; Findings from this experiment showed that the 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg and to a lesser extent the 2.5 kg weighted helmets were the most accepted conditions, while participants judged the 3.0 kg weighted helmets to be unacceptable. Other findings revealed that the preferred position of the helmet mass varied within a range of 35mm in the Y axis and 55mm in the Z axis, and the distribution was fairly symmetrical between the left and right side of the head. With increasing mass, the preferred CM location on the X axis changed very little. Generally, for the X axis, participants tended to locate the masses posterior to the head CM and just anterior to the]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In many future soldier system designs the helmet has become the mounting platform for many different protection and information technologies. While the addition of these technologies may represent a capability enhancement to the soldier and the Section, these additions also represent an increase in the Head Mounted Load (HML) being borne by the musculo-skeletal system of the wearer. This study investigated soldier preferences and acceptance for the overall mass, centre of mass (CM) location, and Mass Moment of Inertia about the Y axis (Iyy) of four helmet masses (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg) during static and dynamic infantry tasks. Acceleration forces in the X, Y, and Z axes were also characterized in both moderate intensity, short duration tasks (obstacles course) and high intensity, long duration tasks (infantry urban assault missions).; Findings from this experiment showed that the 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg and to a lesser extent the 2.5 kg weighted helmets were the most accepted conditions, while participants judged the 3.0 kg weighted helmets to be unacceptable. Other findings revealed that the preferred position of the helmet mass varied within a range of 35mm in the Y axis and 55mm in the Z axis, and the distribution was fairly symmetrical between the left and right side of the head. With increasing mass, the preferred CM location on the X axis changed very little. Generally, for the X axis, participants tended to locate the masses posterior to the head CM and just anterior to the]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[In many future soldier system designs the helmet has become the mounting platform for many different protection and information technologies. While the addition of these technologies may represent a capability enhancement to the soldier and the Section, these additions also represent an increase in the Head Mounted Load (HML) being borne by the musculo-skeletal system of the wearer. This study investigated soldier preferences and acceptance for the overall mass, centre of mass (CM) location, and Mass Moment of Inertia about the Y axis (Iyy) of four helmet masses (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg) during static and dynamic infantry tasks. Acceleration forces in the X, Y, and Z axes were also characterized in both moderate intensity, short duration tasks (obstacles course) and high intensity, long duration tasks (infantry urban assault missions).; Findings from this experiment showed that the 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg and to a lesser extent the 2.5 kg weighted helmets were the most accepted conditions, while participants judged the 3.0 kg weighted helmets to be unacceptable. Other findings revealed that the preferred position of the helmet mass varied within a range of 35mm in the Y axis and 55mm in the Z axis, and the distribution was fairly symmetrical between the left and right side of the head. With increasing mass, the preferred CM location on the X axis changed very little. Generally, for the X axis, participants tended to locate the masses posterior to the head CM and just anterior to the]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2005-230]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David W. Tack; Edward T. Nakaza; Kent W. McKee; Andrea MacEachern; Claudia Marrao;]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[SIHS; Soldier Integrated Headwear System; helmet; Mass Moment of Inertia; centre]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/rbodner.060724_1553.toronto_cr_2006_190.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Cultural modelling: literature review]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Cultural modelling: literature review]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/rbodner.060724_1553.toronto_cr_2006_190.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project explores the impact of culture on goal-oriented behaviour within a gaming environment. Culture consists of values, rituals, heroes, symbols, and behavioural practices and can be differentiated using five cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1991; cited in Dahl, 2005). These are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation.; ; Establishing how cultural diversity can be better represented within a simulation environment requires certain elements. The literature suggests several modelling techniques and requirements related to psychological fidelity. For the purpose of this project, developing a methodology to ensure that agents’ goals are consistent with their culture and showing differential impact of culture on people with differing status are critical. The proposed approach for modelling culture includes components related to the status of individuals, and the strength of the cultural dimension in play. In representing the impact of culture, a good model would also show agents to react differentially to external events (e.g., an economic downturn). The proposed methodology for incorporating culture into the simulation environment as well as recommendations for a longer term project is presented. ;]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project explores the impact of culture on goal-oriented behaviour within a gaming environment. Culture consists of values, rituals, heroes, symbols, and behavioural practices and can be differentiated using five cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1991; cited in Dahl, 2005). These are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation.; ; Establishing how cultural diversity can be better represented within a simulation environment requires certain elements. The literature suggests several modelling techniques and requirements related to psychological fidelity. For the purpose of this project, developing a methodology to ensure that agents’ goals are consistent with their culture and showing differential impact of culture on people with differing status are critical. The proposed approach for modelling culture includes components related to the status of individuals, and the strength of the cultural dimension in play. In representing the impact of culture, a good model would also show agents to react differentially to external events (e.g., an economic downturn). The proposed methodology for incorporating culture into the simulation environment as well as recommendations for a longer term project is presented. ;]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This project explores the impact of culture on goal-oriented behaviour within a gaming environment. Culture consists of values, rituals, heroes, symbols, and behavioural practices and can be differentiated using five cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1991; cited in Dahl, 2005). These are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation.; ; Establishing how cultural diversity can be better represented within a simulation environment requires certain elements. The literature suggests several modelling techniques and requirements related to psychological fidelity. For the purpose of this project, developing a methodology to ensure that agents’ goals are consistent with their culture and showing differential impact of culture on people with differing status are critical. The proposed approach for modelling culture includes components related to the status of individuals, and the strength of the cultural dimension in play. In representing the impact of culture, a good model would also show agents to react differentially to external events (e.g., an economic downturn). The proposed methodology for incorporating culture into the simulation environment as well as recommendations for a longer term project is presented. ;]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2006-190]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Sonya Waldherr; Jessica A. Sartori; Barbara D. Adams]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[agents; cultural dimensions; goal oriented behaviour; hierarchy of needs; simula]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.070816_1456.Toronto_CR_2007_118.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Using cognitive task analysis to develop scenario-based training for house-clearing teams]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Using cognitive task analysis to develop scenario-based training for house-clearing teams]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/wenbi.070816_1456.Toronto_CR_2007_118.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Increased urbanization has created a rise in Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT), in which units find themselves operating in cities rather than on traditional, uninhabited battlefields. MOUT presents a uniquely challenging environment to soldiers and leaders. Beyond challenging basic tactical skills, these environments call on personnel to make faster, more advanced decisions based on a multitude of environmental information. It is important for personnel to develop decision-making skills required for house-clearing operations that can be applied to different environments. The aim of this project was to provide program requirements to understand and train the recognition of perceptual cues used to diagnose events and coordinate actions during house-clearing missions. A cognitive task analysis was employed to identify the critical cues house-clearing teams use to assess their environment and establish shared situational awareness. A critical cue inventory was developed, based on which recommendations were provided on how to integrate critical cues into effective training simulation.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Increased urbanization has created a rise in Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT), in which units find themselves operating in cities rather than on traditional, uninhabited battlefields. MOUT presents a uniquely challenging environment to soldiers and leaders. Beyond challenging basic tactical skills, these environments call on personnel to make faster, more advanced decisions based on a multitude of environmental information. It is important for personnel to develop decision-making skills required for house-clearing operations that can be applied to different environments. The aim of this project was to provide program requirements to understand and train the recognition of perceptual cues used to diagnose events and coordinate actions during house-clearing missions. A cognitive task analysis was employed to identify the critical cues house-clearing teams use to assess their environment and establish shared situational awareness. A critical cue inventory was developed, based on which recommendations were provided on how to integrate critical cues into effective training simulation.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[Increased urbanization has created a rise in Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT), in which units find themselves operating in cities rather than on traditional, uninhabited battlefields. MOUT presents a uniquely challenging environment to soldiers and leaders. Beyond challenging basic tactical skills, these environments call on personnel to make faster, more advanced decisions based on a multitude of environmental information. It is important for personnel to develop decision-making skills required for house-clearing operations that can be applied to different environments. The aim of this project was to provide program requirements to understand and train the recognition of perceptual cues used to diagnose events and coordinate actions during house-clearing missions. A cognitive task analysis was employed to identify the critical cues house-clearing teams use to assess their environment and establish shared situational awareness. A critical cue inventory was developed, based on which recommendations were provided on how to integrate critical cues into effective training simulation.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2007-118]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Danyele Harris-Thompson, Sterling L. Wiggins, Ghee Ho]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Cognitive task analysis, scenario-based training, house clearing teams]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080904_1251.Toronto_CR_2006_055.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Prototype General Purpose Visor Concepts;]]> <![CDATA[(Évaluation de concepts de visières polyvalentes prototypes)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Evaluation of Prototype General Purpose Visor Concepts;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080904_1251.Toronto_CR_2006_055.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The incidence of eye and facial injuries has increased over the past century; these injuries can account for a sizeable proportion of casualties. The Clothe the Soldier (CTS) project is developing an integrated two-part system of protection to protect the eyes from low energy fragments, particles, laser, solar and UV radiation (ballistic eyewear) and to protect the eyes and face from high-energy fragments (ballistic visor). A Human Factors 4-dam field trial of a range of visor concepts was conducted at CFB Petawawa over the period 17-20 May, 1999 in order to better understand user requirements, investigate utility and usability issues associated with visor wear across a rage of tasks and conditions and assist in the development of HF-related requirements and design specifications. Twenty regular force infantry soldiers were required to undertake a battery of human factors tests while wearing up to four different visor conditions in a repeated measures design: two protection levels (V50 of 220 m/s and 450 m/s) and two shapes (flat and curved). All tests included a no visor condition as a baseline control. During each test, the order of conditions was balanced among participants. Human factors tests included clinical tests of visual performance, static military vision tests, performance of select obstacle course, range firing, and battle tasks, equipment / weapons / vehicle compatibility clash, and maintainability. Data collection included questionnaires, focus groups, performa]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The incidence of eye and facial injuries has increased over the past century; these injuries can account for a sizeable proportion of casualties. The Clothe the Soldier (CTS) project is developing an integrated two-part system of protection to protect the eyes from low energy fragments, particles, laser, solar and UV radiation (ballistic eyewear) and to protect the eyes and face from high-energy fragments (ballistic visor). A Human Factors 4-dam field trial of a range of visor concepts was conducted at CFB Petawawa over the period 17-20 May, 1999 in order to better understand user requirements, investigate utility and usability issues associated with visor wear across a rage of tasks and conditions and assist in the development of HF-related requirements and design specifications. Twenty regular force infantry soldiers were required to undertake a battery of human factors tests while wearing up to four different visor conditions in a repeated measures design: two protection levels (V50 of 220 m/s and 450 m/s) and two shapes (flat and curved). All tests included a no visor condition as a baseline control. During each test, the order of conditions was balanced among participants. Human factors tests included clinical tests of visual performance, static military vision tests, performance of select obstacle course, range firing, and battle tasks, equipment / weapons / vehicle compatibility clash, and maintainability. Data collection included questionnaires, focus groups, performa]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[The incidence of eye and facial injuries has increased over the past century; these injuries can account for a sizeable proportion of casualties. The Clothe the Soldier (CTS) project is developing an integrated two-part system of protection to protect the eyes from low energy fragments, particles, laser, solar and UV radiation (ballistic eyewear) and to protect the eyes and face from high-energy fragments (ballistic visor). A Human Factors 4-dam field trial of a range of visor concepts was conducted at CFB Petawawa over the period 17-20 May, 1999 in order to better understand user requirements, investigate utility and usability issues associated with visor wear across a rage of tasks and conditions and assist in the development of HF-related requirements and design specifications. Twenty regular force infantry soldiers were required to undertake a battery of human factors tests while wearing up to four different visor conditions in a repeated measures design: two protection levels (V50 of 220 m/s and 450 m/s) and two shapes (flat and curved). All tests included a no visor condition as a baseline control. During each test, the order of conditions was balanced among participants. Human factors tests included clinical tests of visual performance, static military vision tests, performance of select obstacle course, range firing, and battle tasks, equipment / weapons / vehicle compatibility clash, and maintainability. Data collection included questionnaires, focus groups, performa]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2006-055]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David W. Tack,; Philip M. Gaughan]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Clothe the Soldier; CTS; ballistic visor; visor; ballistic protection; eye prote]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080909_1014.Toronto_CR_2007_035.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[NON-IMPACT STANDARDS FOR BALLISTIC PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR;]]> <![CDATA[(NORMES NON LIÉES À L’IMPACT APPLICABLES AUX LUNETTES DE PROTECTION BALISTIQUE)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[NON-IMPACT STANDARDS FOR BALLISTIC PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR;]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Laidman.080909_1014.Toronto_CR_2007_035.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes a set of non-impact standards for ballistic protective eyewear. These standards include optical properties and durability to environmental challenges. Each of the standards discussed in this report is summarized in Annex A. Standards are usually derived to ensure that a product meets minimum performance criteria. In the case of non-impact standards for protective eyewear, these standards will help ensure that the eyewear will actually be used in the field. Despite their protective properties, these devices will not be used if vision is degraded or the device is not durable.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes a set of non-impact standards for ballistic protective eyewear. These standards include optical properties and durability to environmental challenges. Each of the standards discussed in this report is summarized in Annex A. Standards are usually derived to ensure that a product meets minimum performance criteria. In the case of non-impact standards for protective eyewear, these standards will help ensure that the eyewear will actually be used in the field. Despite their protective properties, these devices will not be used if vision is degraded or the device is not durable.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This report describes a set of non-impact standards for ballistic protective eyewear. These standards include optical properties and durability to environmental challenges. Each of the standards discussed in this report is summarized in Annex A. Standards are usually derived to ensure that a product meets minimum performance criteria. In the case of non-impact standards for protective eyewear, these standards will help ensure that the eyewear will actually be used in the field. Despite their protective properties, these devices will not be used if vision is degraded or the device is not durable.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[CR 2007-035]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Jeffery K. Hovis,; B. Ralph Chou]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[non-impact standards; ballistic protective eyewear; ballistic eyewear; eyewear]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Osczevski.030602_0952.Toronto_sl_2004_096.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[THE NEW WIND CHILL EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE CHARTS]]> <![CDATA[(LES NOUVELLES TABLES DES TEMPERATURES EQUIVALENTES DE REFROIDISSEMENT DU VENT; ;)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[THE NEW WIND CHILL EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE CHARTS]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/Osczevski.030602_0952.Toronto_sl_2004_096.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A new formula for expressing the combined effect of wind and low temperature on the steady state cooling of exposed skin was introduced in North America in November of 2001. It replaces wind chill formations that were based on the results of an impromptu experiment that Paul Siple and Charles Passel carried out in 1940 in Antarctica. Although it proved to be useful, many experts have criticized the Siple-Passel formula over the decades since its introduction. The new formula is largely based on an established engineering correlation of wind speed and convective heat transfer. The computer model used to create the new charts and the meteorological and physiological assumptions on which it is based are described. Wind chill is an evolving concept. In the future, it might include solar radiation effects and short-term effects, and the effects of environmental moisture such as fog or spray.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A new formula for expressing the combined effect of wind and low temperature on the steady state cooling of exposed skin was introduced in North America in November of 2001. It replaces wind chill formations that were based on the results of an impromptu experiment that Paul Siple and Charles Passel carried out in 1940 in Antarctica. Although it proved to be useful, many experts have criticized the Siple-Passel formula over the decades since its introduction. The new formula is largely based on an established engineering correlation of wind speed and convective heat transfer. The computer model used to create the new charts and the meteorological and physiological assumptions on which it is based are described. Wind chill is an evolving concept. In the future, it might include solar radiation effects and short-term effects, and the effects of environmental moisture such as fog or spray.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[A new formula for expressing the combined effect of wind and low temperature on the steady state cooling of exposed skin was introduced in North America in November of 2001. It replaces wind chill formations that were based on the results of an impromptu experiment that Paul Siple and Charles Passel carried out in 1940 in Antarctica. Although it proved to be useful, many experts have criticized the Siple-Passel formula over the decades since its introduction. The new formula is largely based on an established engineering correlation of wind speed and convective heat transfer. The computer model used to create the new charts and the meteorological and physiological assumptions on which it is based are described. Wind chill is an evolving concept. In the future, it might include solar radiation effects and short-term effects, and the effects of environmental moisture such as fog or spray.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2004-096]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Randall J. Osczevski;; Maurice Bluestein]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[wind chill]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.050131_1427.SL 2005-081.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Are risk assessments of a terrorist attack coherent?]]> </title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Are risk assessments of a terrorist attack coherent?]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.050131_1427.SL 2005-081.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This article examined violations of coherence in forecasting the risk of a terrorist attack. In Experiments 1a and 1b, unpacking the risk of attack into Al-Qaeda or non-Al-Qaeda sources produced an increase in assessed risk (the unpacking effect), and deriving risk forecasts of attack by subtracting the probability of no attack from unity produced an even greater inflation of assessed risk (the refocusing effect). Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that the refocusing effect is partly due to a variant of focalism in judgment. Violations of extensional forecasting across timeframes were also observed in Experiments 1a, 1b, and 2. The findings demonstrate multiple violations of forecasting coherence in an important socio-political domain.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This article examined violations of coherence in forecasting the risk of a terrorist attack. In Experiments 1a and 1b, unpacking the risk of attack into Al-Qaeda or non-Al-Qaeda sources produced an increase in assessed risk (the unpacking effect), and deriving risk forecasts of attack by subtracting the probability of no attack from unity produced an even greater inflation of assessed risk (the refocusing effect). Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that the refocusing effect is partly due to a variant of focalism in judgment. Violations of extensional forecasting across timeframes were also observed in Experiments 1a, 1b, and 2. The findings demonstrate multiple violations of forecasting coherence in an important socio-political domain.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This article examined violations of coherence in forecasting the risk of a terrorist attack. In Experiments 1a and 1b, unpacking the risk of attack into Al-Qaeda or non-Al-Qaeda sources produced an increase in assessed risk (the unpacking effect), and deriving risk forecasts of attack by subtracting the probability of no attack from unity produced an even greater inflation of assessed risk (the refocusing effect). Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that the refocusing effect is partly due to a variant of focalism in judgment. Violations of extensional forecasting across timeframes were also observed in Experiments 1a, 1b, and 2. The findings demonstrate multiple violations of forecasting coherence in an important socio-political domain.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2005-081]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[Risk forecasting; coherence violations; additivity; terrorism]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item><item rdf:about="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070306_1520.Toronto_SL_2007_014.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Introduction to the Special Issue, Psychological Perspectives on Threats to Democracy]]> <![CDATA[(Édition spéciale de la revue Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, sur le thème des perspectives psychologiques des menaces à la démocratie)]]></title> 
<dc:title xml:lang="en-ca"><![CDATA[Introduction to the Special Issue, Psychological Perspectives on Threats to Democracy]]></dc:title>
<link>
http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/inbasket/CEBsupport.070306_1520.Toronto_SL_2007_014.pdf
</link>
<description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document presents the Introduction to a special issue of the journal Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy entitled “Psychological Perspectives on Threats to Democracy.” The issue was guest edited by Dr. David R. Mandel (Defence Research and Development Canada) and Dr. Mandeep K. Dhami (University of Cambridge). The aim of the special issue was to bring together a collection of articles that examined the idea of “threats to democracy” from various psychological perspectives, and from before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The issue is comprised of five articles that spotlight a diversity of substantive issues and that address those issues with a plurality of theoretical perspectives and methods. This document briefly sketches the nature of each of these five contributions.]]></description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document presents the Introduction to a special issue of the journal Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy entitled “Psychological Perspectives on Threats to Democracy.” The issue was guest edited by Dr. David R. Mandel (Defence Research and Development Canada) and Dr. Mandeep K. Dhami (University of Cambridge). The aim of the special issue was to bring together a collection of articles that examined the idea of “threats to democracy” from various psychological perspectives, and from before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The issue is comprised of five articles that spotlight a diversity of substantive issues and that address those issues with a plurality of theoretical perspectives and methods. This document briefly sketches the nature of each of these five contributions.]]></dc:description>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en-ca" ><![CDATA[This document presents the Introduction to a special issue of the journal Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy entitled “Psychological Perspectives on Threats to Democracy.” The issue was guest edited by Dr. David R. Mandel (Defence Research and Development Canada) and Dr. Mandeep K. Dhami (University of Cambridge). The aim of the special issue was to bring together a collection of articles that examined the idea of “threats to democracy” from various psychological perspectives, and from before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The issue is comprised of five articles that spotlight a diversity of substantive issues and that address those issues with a plurality of theoretical perspectives and methods. This document briefly sketches the nature of each of these five contributions.]]></dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[DRDC Toronto]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[SL 2007-014]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[David R. Mandel, Mandeep K. Dhami]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:subject><![CDATA[]]></dc:subject>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004</dc:rights>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
